Hypogonadism

Hypogonadism e tupu pe a fai o le tino itupa glands maua laiti pe leai ni homone. I tagata, o nei glands (gonads) o le testes. I fafine, o nei glands o le ovaries.

Ole mafuaʻaga ole hypogonadism e mafai ona muamua (testes poʻo ovaries) pe lua (faʻafitauli ma le pituitary poʻo le hypothalamus). I le hypogonadism muamua, o ovaries poʻo suʻega latou te le galue lelei. Mafuaʻaga o muamua hypogonadism aofia ai:

• Nisi faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi
• Faʻafitauli masani ma faʻaleagaina
• Siama
• Maʻi ma fatugaʻo
• Susulu (i le gonads)
• Taotoga
• Faʻalavelave
  

O faʻamaʻi masani masani na mafua ai le hypogonadism muamua o le Turner syndrome (i fafine) ma le Klinefelter syndrome (i aliʻi).

Afai ua i ai isi faʻafitauli o le autoimmune oe ono sili atu le lamatiaga mo autoimmune faʻaleagaina le gonads. E mafai ona aofia ai faʻaletonu e afaina ai le ate, adrenal glands, ma thyroid glands, faʻapea foi ma le maʻisuka ituaiga 1.

I le ogatotonu hypogonadism, o le ogatotonu i le faiʻai e faʻatonutonu ai gonads (hypothalamus ma pituitary) e le galue lelei. Mafuaʻaga o hypogonadism tutotonu aofia ai:

• Anorexia nervosa
• Toto i le eria o le pituitary
• Aveina o vailaʻau, pei o glucocorticoids ma opiates
• Taofi le anabolic steroid
• Faʻafitauli tau kenera
• Faamaʻi pipisi
• Leai ni meaʻai
• Uʻamea soona fai (hemochromatosis)
• Malamalama (i le pituitary poʻo hypothalamus)
• Vave, taua mamafa leiloa (aofia ai pauna leiloa ina ua uma bariatric taotoga)
• Taʻotoga (taʻitaʻoga tulaga ulu i tafatafa o le pituitary)
• Faʻalavelave
• Tumua

O le mafuaʻaga faʻavae o le hypogonadism tutotonu o le Kallmann syndrome. Tele o tagata ma lenei tulaga ua i ai foi le faaitiitia lagona o le manogi.

Menopause o le sili taatele mafuaʻaga mo hypogonadism. E masani lava i fafine uma ma e tupu ile averesi e lata ile tausaga 50. E faʻaititia le paʻu ole testosterone i aliʻi pe a matutua. Ole vaega ole testosterone masani ile toto e paʻu maualalo ile 50 ile 60 tausaga le matua nai lo le aliʻi e 20 ile 30 tausaga le matua.

O teine ​​e maua i le hypogonadism o le a le amata amata masina. O le hypogonadism e mafai ona aʻafia ai le tuputupu aʻe o latou fatafata ma le maualuga. A tupu le hypogonadism pe a maeʻa le tamaititi, faʻailoga i fafine aofia ai:

• Vevela vevela
• Malosiaga ma lagona suia
• E le masani pe taofi peʻa faʻasologa

I tama, hypogonadism afaina maso, 'ava, genital ma leo atinaʻe. E tau atu ai foi i faafitauli o le tuputupu aʻe. I aliʻi o faʻailoga o:

• Faʻateleina o le susu
• Leiloa maso
• Faʻaitiitia le fiafia i feusuaiga (maualalo le libido)

Afai o iai se pituitary poʻo se isi faiʻai tumo o loʻo i ai (hypogonadism tutotonu), e ono i ai:

• Uiga o le ulu poʻo leiloa mata
• Milky susu faʻateʻaina (mai le prolactinoma)
• Faʻailoga o isi faaletonu hormonal (pei o hypothyroidism)

O tuma e masani ona aʻafia ai le pituitary o le craniopharyngioma i tamaiti ma le prolactinoma adenomas i tagata matutua.

Atonu e manaʻomia ona fai sau suʻega e siaki ai:

• Tulaga Estrogen (fafine)
• Follicle stimulate hormone (FSH level) ma le luteinizing hormone (LH) maualuga
• Laʻasaga ole testosterone (tamaloloa) - faʻamatalaina o lenei suʻega ile matutua o aliʻi ma aliʻi e lapoʻa e mafai ona faigata o lona uiga e tatau ona talanoaina ma se fomaʻi faʻapitoa (endocrinologist)
• Isi fua faatatau o pituitary function

O isi suʻega ono aofia ai:

• Toto tofotofoga mo anemia ma uʻamea
• Kenetic tofotofoga aofia ai le karyotype e siaki chromosomal fausaga
• Prolactin maualuga (susu susu)
• Fuafua fua
• Suʻega ole tiroida

O isi taimi e manaʻomia ai suʻega faʻata, e pei o le sonogram o ovaries. A faʻapea e masalomia le faʻamaʻi ole pituitary, e mafai ona fai se faʻataʻi MRI poʻo le CT o le faiʻai.

Oe ono manaʻomia le inu i vailaʻau-faʻavae vailaʻau. Estrogen ma progesterone e faʻaaogaina mo teine ​​ma fafine. O vailaʻau e sau i le tulaga o le fualaʻau poʻo le paʻu o le paʻu. E faʻaaogaina le testosterone mo tama ma aliʻi. O vailaʻau e mafai ona tuʻuina atu e pei o se paʻu o le paʻu, paʻu o le paʻu, o se tali e faʻaoga i le fusi o le au, o se mea faʻapipiʻi e faʻaaoga i le pito i luga, poʻo le tui

Mo tamaʻitaʻi e leʻi aveʻesea le latou toʻotoʻo, o le tuʻufaʻatasia o togafitiga ma le estrogen ma le progesterone e ono faʻaititia ai le avanoa e maua ai i le kanesa o le endometrial. Tamaʻitaʻi e maua i le hypogonadism e maualalo feusuaʻiga faʻamalosi e mafai foi ona faatonuina le paʻu maualalo o le testosterone poʻo se isi tama tane e taʻua o le dehydroepiandrolone (DHEA).

I nisi fafine, o tui poʻo fualaʻau mafai ona faʻaaogaina e faʻaosofia ai le fegasoloaʻi. O tui o le pituitary hormone e mafai ona faʻaaoga e fesoasoani ai i tamaloloa e gaosia le sperm. O isi tagata ono manaʻomia se taotoga ma togafitiga o le radiation peʻa iai se pituitary poʻo se hypothalamic mafuaʻaga o le faʻamaʻi.

Tele ituaiga o hypogonadism e mafai ona togafitia ma lelei le vaʻaiga.

I fafine, hypogonadism mafai mafua mafua infertility. Menopause o se ituaiga o hypogonadism e tupu masani. E mafai ona mafua ai vevela flashes, measā mago, ma itaitagofie o estrogen tulaga pa'ū. O le aʻafiaga o le osteoporosis ma faʻamai o le fatu e faʻateleina pe a maeʻa le menopause.

O ni fafine e maua i le hypogonadism e inu i le estrogen, o le tele lava o taimi e vave ai ona feoti i latou. Ae o se taimi umi e faʻaaoga ai le togafitiga o homone e ono faʻatupulaʻia ai le aʻafiaga o le kanesa o le susu, papala o le toto ma faʻamaʻi fatu (aemaise lava i fafine matutua). Tamaʻitaʻi e tatau ona talanoa ma le latou soifua maloloina tausi soifua maloloina e uiga i le aʻafiaga ma penefiti o le menopausal hormone therapy.

I aliʻi, hypogonadism e mafua ai le leiloa o feusuaʻiga ma e ono mafua ai:

• Faʻaleagaina
• Le fanau
• Osteoporosis
• Vaivaiga

O tamaloloa e masani ona maualalo le testosterone pe a matutua. Ae ui i lea, o le paʻu i le maualuga o le homone e le taua tele e pei foi o isi fafine.

Talanoa i lau tautua peʻa e maitauina:

• Faateʻa susu
• Faʻateleina o le susu (tamaloa)
• Fetilave vevela (fafine)
• Faʻaleagaina
• Leiloa o lauulu lauulu
• Leiloa o le masina masina
• Faʻafitauli ua maʻito
• Faʻafitauli i lau feusuaiga ave taʻavale
• Vaivaiga

E tatau ona valaʻau aliʻi ma fafine uma i le latou tautua peʻa tiga le ulu poʻo ni faʻafitauli tau vaʻai.

Tumau malosi, masani pauna mamafa ma maloloina taumafa taumafa mafai fesoasoani i nisi tulaga. Isi mafuaʻaga ono le mafai ona puipuia.

Le lava le gaioi; Le manuia faʻapitoa; Ua le manuia le ovarian; Testosteron - hypogonadism

• Gonadotropins

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Bhasin S, Brito JP, Cunningham GR, et al. Testostero togafitiga i tamaloloa ma le hypogonadism: o le Endocrine Society falemaʻi faʻataʻitaʻiina taʻiala. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018; 103 (5): 1715-1744. PMID: 29562364 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29562364/.

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