Diuretics: o a latou, o a ituaiga ma pe faʻapefea ona latou galulue

Anotusi

• 1. Thiazide diuretics
• 2. Loimata diuretics
• 3. Diuretics faʻasaoina o le potassium
• 4. Osmotic diuretics
• 5. Caruric anhydrase taofiofia diuretics

Diuretics o ni fofo e mafai ona faʻaaogaina toʻatasi pe fesoʻotaʻi ma isi mea ola, mo le togafitia o totoga toto maualuga, fulafula mafua mai i fatu, fatugaʻo poʻo maʻi faʻamaʻi, ma isi.

E tele ituaiga o diuretics avanoa, pei o thiazides, loop, potassium-sparing, osmotic or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, ma eseese auala o gaioiga ma gaioiga i vaega eseese o le fatugaʻo, lea e tatau ona faatonuina faʻalagolago i le faʻafitauli e tatau ona togafitia.

1. Thiazide diuretics

O nei diuretics avea ma a latou metotia o gaioiga o le taofiofia o le sodium reabsorption i le amataga vaega o le distal fatuga tubule, faʻateleina lona excretion, faʻapea foi ma le excretion o chlorides ma, i se laʻititi maualalo, o le potassium ma magnesium, lea mulimuli ane taitai atu ai i Aveesea o le vai. O nei vaifofo faʻaaogaina se feololo faʻamalosia gafatia.

Igoa masani / faʻapisinisi: O ni faʻataʻitaʻiga o diuretics o le thiazide o indapamide (Natrilix, Indapen, Flux), hydrochlorothiazide (Diurix, Hidromed) ma le chlorothalidone (Higroton).

Faʻailoga o togafitiga: E masani lava, diuretics i lenei vasega o loʻo faʻailoa mai mo le faʻaititia o le toto maualuga ma mo le togafitiga masani o le edema e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻatamaia o fatu fatu, ate cirrhosis ma fatugaʻo faʻamaʻi.

Aafiaga masani masani: O nisi o aʻafiaga e sili ona taatele e mafai ona tupu i taimi o togafitiga ma nei vailaʻau o le niniva, tiga o le ulu, vaivaiga, niniva, puaʻi, puaʻi, manava, papala, cholecystitis, pancreatitis ma toto ma paʻu faʻaletonu.

2. Loimata diuretics

O le Loop diuretics e galue e ala i le taofiofia o le sodium reabsorption i le alu aʻe i luga lala o le matasele o Henle, e mafua ai le faʻaititia o tubular vai reabsorption. I se faʻaopopoga, o nei vailaʻau e iai foʻi faʻafitauli tuʻusaʻo i le tafe o le toto, mafua ai le vasodilation ma faʻaititia ai le teteʻeina o uaua i le tisala. O nei vaifofo ei ai se aafiaga malosi diuretic, ma le amataga o le puʻupuʻu umi

Igoa masani / faʻapisinisi: Furosemide (Lasix, Neosemid) o se faʻataʻitaʻiga o le lautele lautele faʻaaogaina diuretic loop. Aʻoaʻo pe faʻafefea ona faʻaaoga ma a faʻafitauli mo furosemide.

Faʻailoga o togafitiga: Loop diuretics o loʻo faʻailoa mai mo le faʻatonutonuina o edema pulmonary matuitui ma isi ituaiga edema agamalu, ogaoga fatugaʻo faaletonu ma totoga toto maualuga. I se faʻaopopoga, latou mafai foi ona faʻaaogaina e togafitia matuitui hypercalcemia, ao latou faʻalauteleina urinary calcium excretion.

Aafiaga masani masani: O nisi o aʻafiaga e ono aliaʻe i taimi o togafitiga o faʻalavelave i le eletise, faʻaletonu, hypovolemia, faʻateleina le maualuga o le foafoa ma triglycerides i le toto, osofaʻiga o le gout ma faʻateleina le urinary volume.

3. Diuretics faʻasaoina o le potassium

O nei vailaʻau taofia le excretion o potassium i le tulaga tulaga o le distal bypassed tubule ma i le faaputuputuina paipa, lea e mafai pe leai foi se ald testosterone antagonistic gaioiga.

Spironolactone o se faʻapitoa antdistist aldolone, e faʻatinoina tele i le aldolone-faʻalagolago sodium ma potassium ion fesuiaiga nofoaga, o loʻo tu i le mamao faʻataʻotoina tubule o le fatugao ma taitai atu ai i le faʻateleina aofaiga o sodium ma le vai e faʻateʻaina, ae o le potassium e taofia.

Igoa masani / faʻapisinisi: O ni faʻataʻitaʻiga o diuretics o le potassium-sparing o amiloride, lea e fesoʻotaʻi ma isi vailaʻau, ma spironolactone (Aldactone, Diacqua). Vaʻai isi faʻailoga togafitiga mo spironolactone.

Faʻailoga o togafitiga: Potasiasi-faʻasao diuretics i ai le vaivai diuretic gaioiga ma, o le mea lea, e seasea faʻaaogaina toʻatasi i le togafitiga o edema poʻo le toto maualuga, ma e masani ona fesoʻotaʻi ma isi diuretics. O lona faʻatasi pulega faʻateleina le diuretic aafiaga ma antihypertensive tali atu i thiazide ma loop diuretics.

Aafiaga masani masani: O nisi o aʻafiaga leaga e mafai ona tupu o le faʻalauteleina o le extracellular volume, dehydration ma hypernatremia.

4. Osmotic diuretics

O nei vailaʻau faʻateleina le osmolarity o le glomerular filtrate, lea faʻamalosia le gaioi o intracellular vai i totonu o se extracellular ma vascular avanoa, faʻamalosia faailoga diuresis, mulimuli ane faʻaititia intracranial mamafa ma edema ma maualuga intraocular mamafa.

Igoa masani / faʻapisinisi: 20% Mannitol. Saili pe faʻafefea ona faʻaaoga le mannitol.

Faʻailoga o togafitiga: 20% mannitol o loʻo faʻailoa mai mo le togafitia o le cerebral edema, ogaoga o le glaucoma, ogaoga o le fatugaʻo ua le lava ma sauniuniga mo taotoga ophthalmic.

Aafiaga masani masani: O nisi o aʻafiaga sili ona taatele e mafai ona tupu o le niniva, puaʻi, fiainu, tiga o le ulu, niniva, gatete, fiva, faateleina le fatu fatu, tiga o le fatafata, hypernatremia, leai se vai, vaʻaia le vaʻai, hives poʻo le toto maualuga.

5. Caruric anhydrase taofiofia diuretics

O nei vailaʻau taofiofia carbonic anhydrase, o se enzyme e faʻatupuina ai se vailaʻau tali atu e aofia ai hydrating carbon dioxide ma dehydrating carbonic acid. O lona iʻuga, o loʻo i ai le faʻaititia o le carbonic acid, e mafua ai le alkalinization o mimi, faʻalauteleina diuresis.

Igoa masani / faʻapisinisi:acetazolamide (Diamox). Saili pe faʻafefea ona faʻaoga ma o a faʻafitauli mo Diamox.

Faʻailoga o togafitiga: O loʻo faʻailoa mai le poloka o le vailaʻau ole Carbonic anhydrase mo le togafitia ole glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis ma le maʻi o le mauga.

Aafiaga masani masani: O nisi o aʻafiaga leaga e mafai ona tupu o metabolic acidosis, faʻalauteleina o le aofaʻi o extracellular suavai, hyponatremia, tiga o le ulu, fia moe, niniva, puaʻi ma mago.