Karyotyping

Karyotyping o se suʻega e suʻesuʻe ai chromosome i se faʻataʻitaʻiga o sela. O lenei suʻega e mafai ona fesoasoani e faʻailoa mai faʻafitauli tau kenera o le mafuaʻaga o se faʻamaʻi poʻo se faʻamaʻi.

E mafai ona faia le faʻataʻitaʻiga i soʻo se soʻoga, e aofia ai:

• Suavai Amniotic
• Toto
• Sone o ponaivi
• Fuafua mai le totoga e atiina ae i le taimi o maitaga e fafaga se tuputupu aʻe pepe (placenta)

E faʻataʻitaʻia le suavai amniotic, ua faia se amniocentesis.

E manaʻomia le biopsy o le ponaivi e suʻe ai le faʻataʻitaʻiga o ponaivi o le ponaivi.

O le faʻataʻitaʻiga ua tuʻuina i totonu o se ipu faʻapitoa poʻo le paipa ma faʻatagaina e tupu i le fale suesue. O sela na mulimuli ane aumaia mai le faʻataʻitaʻiga fou ma pisia. E faʻaaogaina e le fomaʻi faʻapitoa se microscope e suʻesuʻe ai le lapoʻa, foliga ma le aofaʻi o chromosome i le sela vaega. O le pisia faʻataʻitaʻi ua puʻeina le ata e faʻaalia ai le faʻavasegaina o chromosome. E taʻua lea mea o le karyotype.

O ni faʻafitauli e mafai ona iloaina e ala ile numera poʻo le faʻavasega o chromosome. Chromosomes o loʻo iai le afe ma afe o genes o loʻo teuina ile DNA, ole mea masani ole gafa.

Usitaʻi i faʻatonuga a le tausi soifua maloloina pe faʻafefea ona sauni mo le suʻega.

Faʻafefea ona lagona le faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻalagolago pe o le faʻataʻitaʻiga gaioiga o le i ai le toto tosoina (venipuncture), amniocentesis, poʻo ponaivi ponaivi biopsy.

O lenei suʻega e mafai:

• Faitau le numera o chromosome
• Vaʻai mo suiga faʻavae i chromosome

Lenei suʻega ono faia:

• I luga o se ulugaliʻi o loʻo i ai se talaʻaga o le faʻamaturoa
• Le suʻesuʻeina o soʻo se tamaititi poʻo se pepe o loʻo i ai ni ona uiga ese pe faʻatuai ni atinaʻe

O le ponaivi gaʻo poʻo le suʻega toto e mafai ona faia e faʻailoa ai le chromosome Filatelefaia, lea e maua i le 85% o tagata ma leukemia myelogenous masani (CML).

O le suʻesuʻega suavai amniotic ua faia e siaki ai le tuputupu aʻe pepe mo chromosome faʻafitauli.

E ono okaina e lau tautua isi suʻega e alu faʻatasi ma le karyotype:

• Microarray: Vaʻai i nai suiga laiti ile chromosome
• Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH): Vaʻai mo mea sese laiti e pei o le tapeina i chromosome

O faʻaiuga masani o:

• Fafine: 44 autosome ma 2 feusuaiga chromosome (XX), tusia o le 46, XX
• Tamaloloa: 44 autosome ma 2 feusuaiga chromosome (XY), tusia o le 46, XY

O faʻaiuga masani e ono mafua mai i se genetical syndrome poʻo se tuutuuga, pei o:

• Down syndrome
• Klinefelter syndrome
• Filemu chromosome i Filatelefaia
• Trisomy 18
• Turner syndrome

Chemotherapy ono mafua ai malologa chromosome e afaina ai masani karyotyping iʻuga.

O faʻafitauli e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻataʻitaʻiga na faʻaaogaina e maua ai le faʻataʻitaʻiga.

I nisi tulaga, o se faʻafitauli e ono tupu i sela o loʻo tutupu i totonu o le lab ipu. Karyotype suʻega tatau ona toe faia e faʻamaonia ai o se le masani ai chromosome faʻafitauli o loʻo i ai lava i le tino o le tagata.

Suʻesuʻega o le Chromosome

• Karyotyping

Bacino CA, Lee B. Cytogenetics. I: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St.Geme JW, Schor NF, eds. Nelson Tusitusiga o Pediatrics. 20 ed. Filatelefia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: mataʻupu 81.

Stein CK. Talosaga o cytogenetics i onapo nei pathology. I totonu: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management e le Laboratory Metotia. 23rd ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: mata 69.