Paina o le Gataifale

Anotusi

• Masalo e aoga mo ...
• Masalo le aoga mo ...
• Le lava molimau e fuaina aoga mo ...
• Lapataiga faʻapitoa & lapataʻiga:

O laulaau paina i le sami e tutupu i atunuu i le Sami Metitirani. O le paʻu e faʻaaogaina e fai ai vailaʻau. O laau o le sami e tupu i se itu i sautesisifo Farani o loʻo faʻaaoga e fai ai le Pycnogenol, o le igoa faʻamaufaʻailoga a le US mo se faʻatauina o paʻu o le sami.

O loʻo faʻaaogaina le vaega o le paina o le paina mai le sami mo le foma, faʻaleleia le faʻatinoina o afeleti, leaga le tafe o vae e ono fefete ai vae (le lava o le veni poʻo le CVI), ma le tele o isi tulaga, ae e naʻo le faʻamaonia faʻasaienisi mau e lagolagoina ai nisi o nei aoga.

Natura Faʻafomaʻi Maea Faʻamatalaga fua faatatau aoga faʻavae i luga o faʻasaienitisi faʻamaoniga e tusa ma le fua faʻatatau lenei: Aoga, Masalo Lelei Lelei, E Lelei Lelei, Masalo Lelei Lelei, Masalo Lelei, Le Lelei, ma Le lava Faʻamaoniga e Fuafua ai.

Le aoga togi mo FAI I LE MARITIME e faapea:

Masalo e aoga mo ...

• Asthma. O le aveina o se vaega faʻapitoa o paʻu o le sami i aso uma, faʻatasi ai ma vailaʻau mo le sela, e foliga mai e faʻaititia ai le fomaʻi ma le manaʻomia o se laveaʻi o tamaiti ma tagata matutua o loʻo maua i le sela. Manatua o le gataifale paʻu paina aveʻesega le tatau ona faʻaaogaina i le nofoaga o foma vailaʻau.
• Taʻalo afeleti. Tagata talavou (tausaga 20-35 tausaga) foliga mai e mafai ona faʻamalositino i luga o le solofanua mo se taimi umi atu pe a maeʻa ona ave se faʻailoga masani o paʻu o le gataifale paʻu i aso uma mo le tusa o le masina. Faʻapea foi, tagata afeleti toleniga mo se faʻamalositino faʻamalositino suʻega poʻo se triathlon foliga mai e sili atu le lelei i faʻataʻitaʻiga ma tauvaga pe a latou avea lenei otoʻoto i aso uma mo 8 vaiaso aʻo toleniga.
• Le lelei taʻamilosaga e ono mafua ai le fulafula o vae (le lava vevesi vena poʻo CVI). O le aveina o se fua faʻapitoa o paʻu o le gataifale paʻu ile gutu e foliga mai e faʻaititia ai le tiga o le vae ma le mamafa, faʻapea foi ma le faʻatumau o vai, i tagata o loʻo tafe faʻafitauli. Faʻaaogaina o lenei otoʻoga ma compression totini foliga mai foi e sili atu aoga nai lo le faʻaaogaina o faʻasolosolo totini na o oe. O nisi tagata e faʻaaogaina foʻi le fualaʻau o le fualaʻau o le solofanua e togafitia ai lenei tulaga, ae o le faʻaaogaina o le vaega o le paina o le paina o le gataifale e foliga mai e sili atu lona aoga.

Masalo le aoga mo ...

• Kolisi maualuga. Ole tele o faʻamaoniga ua faʻaalia ai o se tulaga faʻatulagaina o paʻu o le gataifale paina e le tuʻuina i lalo le "leaga kolisi" (low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol) i tagata e maualuga kolesterol.

Le lava molimau e fuaina aoga mo ...

• Faʻaleaʻoga i mea e manatua ma mafaufauga e masani ona tupu i le matua. O le tele o suʻesuʻega i tagata matutua soifua maloloina e leʻi mauaina ni mea e manatua ai poʻo ni mafaufauga lelei pe a maeʻa ona ave se vaega faʻapitoa o le paina o le sami.
• Faʻaʻaʻa o alatoto (atherosclerosis). E i ai ni faʻamaoniga o le avea o se faʻamautuina vaega o paʻu o le gataifale paʻu paʻu tolu taimi i aso uma mo 4 vaiaso ono fesoasoani faʻaleleia nisi faʻafitauli mafua mai i le faʻamaʻaina o alatoto.
• Faʻamatalaga o le le atoatoa-hyperactivity faʻaletonu (ADHD). O le aveina o se fuataga faʻapitoa o paʻu o le gataifale paʻu ile gutu e foliga mai e le fesoasoani i faʻailoga ADHD i tagata matutua. Peitaʻi, o le ave i le gutu mo le tasi masina foliga mai e faʻaleleia atili ai faʻailoga i tamaiti.
• O se faʻamaʻi seasea aofia ai papala leaga i le gutu ma isi vaega o le tino (Behcet syndrome). O suʻesuʻega amata o loʻo faʻaalia ai o le suʻesuʻeina o se vaega o le paina o le sami e faʻaleleia atili ai faʻailoga i tagata e maua i le Behcet syndrome.
• Faʻateleina prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia poʻo le BPH). O suʻesuʻega muamua na maua ai o le aveina o se fasimea masani o paʻu o le gataifale paina e fesoʻotaʻi ma sili atu gafatia e urination i tagata ma le BPH.
• Manatua ma mafaufauga mafaufauga (mafaufau faʻatino galuega). I le amataga o suʻesuʻega na maua ai, o le avea o se vaega faʻaopoopo o le paina o le gataifale i le gutu e faʻaleleia ai le mafaufau ma mea e manatua ai tagata matutua. E foliga mai e faʻaleleia atili togi togi i tamaiti aʻoga kolisi.
• Faʻaleaʻoga i le manatuaina ma mafaufauga mafaufau i tagata matutua e sili atu nai lo le mea masani mo latou tausaga. O le vave suʻesuʻe o loʻo faʻaalia ai o le avea o se vaega faʻapitoa o le paina o le gataifale e faʻaleleia ai le mafaufau i tagata matutua o loʻo vaivai le mafaufau.
• Malulu masani. I le amataga o suʻesuʻega na maua ai, o le aveina o se vaega faʻaopoopo o le paina o le gataifale paʻu i le gutu faʻalua i aso uma e amata i le amataga o le malulu foliga mai e faʻaititia le numera o aso i se malulu ma. E ono faʻaititia foʻi le aofaʻi o oloa malulu i luga ole laulau e manaʻomia e faʻatautaia ai faʻailoga.
• Maʻa tui. I le amataga o le suʻesuʻega, o loʻo lamuina a itiiti mai e 6 fasi pulu ma le faʻaopoopoga mai le paʻu o le sami i le 14 aso, e faʻaititia ai le tafetoto ma puipuia ai le faʻatupuina o lapisi.
• Maʻi suka. O le amataga o faʻamaoniga o loʻo faʻapea mai, o le inuina o se vaega faʻapitoa o paʻu o le sami i aso uma mo le 3-12 vaiaso, e faʻaititia ai le suka i le toto i tagata e maua ile maʻi suka.
• Paʻu vae i tagata e maua i le maʻisuka. O suʻesuʻega muamua e taʻu mai ai o le aveina o le paina o le paina o le sami mai le gutu ma tuu i le paʻu e fesoasoani e faamalolo ai papala o vae e fesoʻotaʻi ma le maʻisuka.
• O se faʻamaʻi o toto laiti toto i tagata e maua i le maʻisuka (suka suka microangiopathy). I le amataga o suʻesuʻega o loʻo faʻailoa mai ai, o le faʻamamaina o paʻu o le gataifale e faʻaaluina faʻatolu taimi i aso uma mo le 4 vaiaso e faʻaleleia ai le taamilosaga ma faʻailoga i tagata e maua ile maʻi suka.
• Faʻafitauli vaʻai i tagata e maua i le maʻisuka (suka suka retinopathy). O le aveina o se fua faʻapitoa o paʻu o le gataifale e ala i le gutu mo le 2 masina e foliga mai e faifai lemu pe taofia ai le faʻateteleina o le faʻamaʻi retinal mafua mai i le maʻisuka, atherosclerosis, poʻo isi faʻamaʻi. E foliga mai e faʻaleleia atili ai le vaʻai.
• Gutu mago. Ua faʻaalia i le suʻesuʻega, o le suʻesuʻeina o le paina o le gataifale faatasi ai ma faua fulu, e sili atu ai le mago o le gutu nai lo na o le faua.
• Erectile afaina (ED). O suʻesuʻega muamua e taʻu mai ai o le tulaga masani o le paina o le sami, faaaoga na o ia pe faatasi ma le L-arginine, e ono faaleleia atili ai feusuaiga i alii ma ED. E foliga mai e oʻo atu ile 3 masina o togafitiga mo se faʻaleleia atili.
• Fiva vao. O nisi suʻesuʻega faʻaalia ai o le aveina o se faʻavasegaga tuʻufaʻau o le gataifale paʻu paʻu i luma o le amataga o le vaitau allerg vaitau faʻaititia aliali faʻamaʻi i tagata ma birch afaina.
• Fula. I le amataga o suʻesuʻega o loʻo faʻaalia ai, o le aveina o se vaega faʻaopoopo o le paina o le gataifale i le gutu, naʻo oe pe tuʻufaʻatasia ma le kulimi o loʻo iai lenei lava vaega, e faʻaleleia ai le ola ma faʻailoga o le hemorrhoids. O isi suʻesuʻega faʻaalia ai o le aveina o lenei lava vaega e ala i le gutu e mafai ona faʻaleleia atili ai faʻailoga o le hemorrhoids i fafine pe a uma ona fanau.
• Toto maualuga. O nisi suʻesuʻega faʻaalia ai o le aveina o se fuataga faʻapitoa o paʻu o le gataifale paʻu e mafai ona faʻaititia ai le toto. Ae o isi suʻesuʻega e leai se aoga.
• O se faʻaletonu taimi o le lapoʻa tele e mafua ai le manava tiga (itaitagofie bowel poʻo IBS). Na maua muamua ile suʻesuʻega o le aveina o se fasimea masani o paʻu o le gataifale e mafai ona faʻaititia ai le tiga o le manava, faʻamaʻi, ma vailaʻau e faʻaaoga i tagata e iai le IBS.
• Lelava. Ile amataga o suʻesuʻega na maua ai o le aveina o se vaega faʻapitoa o paʻu o le gataifale paʻu, amata 2-3 aso ae le i lele se vaalele, e mafai ona faʻapuʻupuʻuina le taimi e oso ai faʻailoga jet ma faʻaititia ai foʻi faʻailoga o le jet lag.
• Maʻa vae. E i ai ni faʻamaoniga o le aveina o se faʻavaeina faʻatulagaina o le gataifale paʻu paʻu i le gutu i aso uma ono ono faʻaititia vae vae.
• O se faʻaletonu i totonu o le taliga na faʻailogaina e le niniva, leiloa se faʻalogo, ma tatagi i taliga (Meniere faʻamaʻi). O suʻesuʻega muamua o loʻo faʻaalia ai, o le avea o se fasimea masani o paʻu o le sami, e mafai ona faʻaititia ai taliga ma aotelega o faʻailoga i tagata matutua o loʻo maua ile Meniere.
• Faʻailoga o menopause. Na maua muamua ile suʻesuʻega o le aveina o se vaega masani ole paina o le sami i le gutu e faaititia ai le faailoga o le menopausal, e iai ma le lelava, tiga le ulu, faanoanoa ma le popole, ma le vevela o le uila.
• O se faʻavasegaina o faʻailoga e faʻateleina ai le aʻafia o le maʻisuka, maʻi fatu, ma le papala (metabolic syndrome). O suʻesuʻega muamua e taʻu mai ai, o le aveina o se fua masani o paʻu o le gataifale paʻu i le gutu faatolu taimi i aso uma mo le 6 masina maualalo triglycerides, toto suka tulaga, ma le toto maualuga, ma faʻateleina maualuga-density lipoprotein ("lelei" pe HDL) kolisi i tagata ma metabolic syndrome .
• Fula (mumu) ma papala i totonu o le gutu (oral mucositis). O le faʻaogaina o se fofo e aofia ai se vaega faʻapitoa o paʻu o le gataifale i totonu o le gutu mo le tasi le vaiaso e foliga mai e fesoasoani e faʻamalolo ai papala gutu i tamaiti ma talavou o loʻo faia togafitiga o chemotherapy.
• Osteoarthritis. E i ai faʻafefiloi molimau e uiga i le aoga o le gataifale paina mo osteoarthritis. O le aveina o se fua faʻapitoa o paʻu o le gataifale paʻu ile gutu e ono faʻaititia ai aotelega faʻailoga, ae foliga mai e le faʻaititia le tiga pe faʻaleleia le agavaʻa e faʻatino ai galuega i aso uma. Na maua foi ile suʻesuʻega ole suʻesuʻeina ole fasimea ma le fua faʻapitoa o le paina o le sami i le paʻu e ono faʻaititia ai le tiga o tagata e iai le osteoarthritis ole tulivae.
• Faʻamaʻi Parkinson. Na maua muamua ile suʻesuʻega o le aveina o se fasimea masani o paʻu o le gataifale faatasi ai ma le levodopa / carbidopa togafitiga e faʻamalosia ai le gatete ma isi faʻailoga tino. E foliga mai e faʻaleleia atili ai le mafaufau.
• Tiga i fafine ua maitaga. O suʻesuʻega muamua e taʻu mai ai, o le aveina o se fasimea masani o le paina o le sami i le gutu i aso uma i le vaitaimi o le 3 masina o le maitaga, e faaitiitia ai le tiga o le pito i lalo, tiga o sooga o ponaivi, tiga o le pelvis, ma le tiga ona o le alatoto poʻo le povi.
• Paʻu tiga i fafine. E i ai le vave faʻamaoniga o le avea o se faʻamautuina vaega o le sami paina paʻu i le gutu ono fesoasoani faʻaititia pelvic tiga i fafine ma le endometriosis poʻo faʻamaʻi mamafa.
• Paʻu sisila, mageso (psoriasis). Na maua ile suʻesuʻega ole suʻesuʻeina ole paʻu o le gataifale mai le gutu e mafai ai ona faʻaititia le tele o paʻu o paʻu, faʻalelei le olaga, ma faʻaititia le faʻaogaina o vailaʻau i tagata e maua ile maʻi.
• Tali tiga i le malulu aemaise lava i tamailima ma tamatamai vae (Raynaud syndrome). Na maua muamua ile suʻesuʻega ole ave faʻamasaniina ole paina o le gataifale e mafai ona faaleleia ai le malulu ma le tiga o tamailima ile tagata ua maua ile nei tulaga.
• Matua-fesoʻotaʻi maso leiloa (sarcopenia). I le amataga o suʻesuʻega na maua ai, o le inuina o se vaega faʻaopoopo o le paina o le gataifale i le gutu e faʻaleleia ai le gaioiga o maso i tagata matutua o loʻo i ai le faʻailoga o le leiloa maso.
• O se faʻamaʻi o le autoimmune lea e faʻaleagaina ai le glands e mafua ai loimata ma faua (Sjogren syndrome). I le amataga o suʻesuʻega i tagata e maua i le Sjogren syndrome, o le aveina o se fua faʻamau o le paina o le sami i le gutu e faʻaititia ai faʻailoga o mata matutu ma gutu mago. E ono faʻaititia ai foʻi le manaʻoga mo nisi vailaʻau.
• O se faʻamaʻi autoimmune e mafua ai le salalau lautele o le fulafula (systemic lupus erythematosus poʻo le SLE). O suʻesuʻega muamua e taʻu mai ai o le aveina o se fasimea masani o paʻu o le sami i le gutu e faaititia ai faailoga o le SLE i nisi o tagata mamaʻi.
• Tagi i taliga (tinnitus). O suʻesuʻega muamua e taʻu mai ai o le aveina o se fasimea masani o paʻu o le gataifale e faʻaititia ai taliga i taliga.
• Vailaʻau vevela. O suʻesuʻega amata o loʻo faʻaalia ai o le suʻesuʻeina o se vaega o le paina o le sami e mafai ona faʻaititia ai vae o le vae, fulafula o vae, ma le aofaʻi o uaua e feoaʻi ai apogaleveleve i fafine pe a uma ona fanau.
• Toto toto e fai i totonu o alatoto (veno thromboembolism poʻo VTE). O le aveina o se vaega faʻapitoa o le paina o le sami e aveʻesea na o ia muamua ma ina ua tuanaʻi se faigamalaga umi e foliga mai e le mafai ai ona puipuia le toto i tagata i se tulaga lamatia. Ae ono faʻaititia ai le aʻafiaga ole post-thrombotic syndrome. Lenei tulaga mafai tupu i tagata ua uma ona i ai se toto toto.
• Le lava le fatu.
• Le tiga o musele.
• Faʻafitauli ma feusuaiga.
• Puipuiga o le stroke.
• Isi tulaga.

E tele faʻamaoniga e manaʻomia e fua ai le paina o le sami mo nei faʻaaogaina.

O le paina o le sami e iai mea e ono faʻaleleia ai le tafe o le toto. E ono faʻaosofia foʻi le malosi ole faʻataʻitaʻi, faʻaititia le fulafula, puipuia faʻamaʻi, ma iai ni aafiaga ole vailaʻau.

A ave e le gutu: O se faʻailoga faʻapitoa o le paina paʻu o le sami (Pycnogenol, Horphag Research) o MAFAI ONA SAFIA i tui o le 50-450 mg i aso uma e oʻo atu i le tasi le tausaga. E ono mafua ai le niniva, manava faʻafitauli, tiga le ulu, papala gugu, ma manava leaga.

A faʻapipiʻi i le paʻu: O se faʻailoga faʻapitoa o le paina paʻu o le sami (Pycnogenol, Horphag Research) o MAFAI ONA SAFIA o se kulimi e oʻo atu i le 7 aso poʻo le paʻu e oʻo atu i le 6 vaiaso.

Lapataiga faʻapitoa & lapataʻiga:

Maitaga ma susu-fafagaina: O le suʻesuʻeina o se suʻesuʻega o se vaega taua o le paina o le sami (Pycnogenol, Horphag Research) o MAFAI ONA SAFIA pe a faʻaaogaina i le leva o le maitaga. Peitaʻi, seʻia oʻo ina tele mea e iloa, e tatau ona faʻaaoga ma le faʻaeteete pe aloese mai ai fafine ua maʻito.

E le lava faʻamatalaga faʻatuatuaina e uiga i le saogalemu o le aveina o figota o le sami peʻa o loʻo e susu. Tumau i le itu saogalemu ma aloese mai le faʻaaogaina.

Tamaiti: O se faʻailoga faʻapitoa o le paina paʻu o le sami (Pycnogenol, Horphag Research) o MAFAI ONA SAFIA a ave e le gutu, taimi puʻupuʻu.

"Faʻamaʻi e puipuia oe lava" pei o le tele o sclerosis (MS), lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE), rheumatoid gugu (RA), poʻo isi tulaga: O le paina o le sami e ono mafua ai le malosi o le tino puipuia, ma o lenei mea e ono faʻateleina ai faʻailoga o faʻamaʻi o le auto-immune. Afai e i ai se tasi o nei tulaga, e sili atu le aloese mai le faʻaaogaina o le sami.

Toto toto: I le talitonuga, o le maualuga o vailaʻau o le gataifale paina ono faʻateleina ai le ono aʻafia o le palapala i tagata o loʻo iai le toto.

Maʻi suka: I le talitonuga, o le maualuga o fualaʻau o le gataifale paina ono faʻaititia tele suka suka i le toto i tagata e maua i le maʻisuka.

Hepatitis: I le talitonuga, o le aveina o le gataifale paina ono faʻaleagaina ai le ate gaioiga i tagata e maua i le hepatitis.

Taotoga: O le gataifale paina ono faʻatelegeseina le toto faʻaputuputu ma faʻaititia le suka suka. E i ai le popolega e ono mafua ai le suka i le toto ona alu maualalo tele ma faʻateleina le avanoa o le toto i le taimi ma pe a maeʻa taotoga. Taofi le toe faʻaaogaina o le paina o le sami pe a ma le 2 vaiaso ae le i faia se taotoga fuafuaina.

Feololo

Faʻaeteete i lenei tuʻufaʻatasiga.

Vailaau mo le suka (Antidiabetes vailaʻau)

O le paina o le sami e ono faʻaititia ai le suka ile maualuga ole suka. O vailaʻau suka e faʻaaogaina foi e tuʻu ai i lalo le suka i le toto. O le aveina o le paina o le sami faatasi ai ma vailaʻau o le suka e ono mafua ai ona maualalo lou suka suka. Vaʻai toto lau suka ile toto. O le fualaʻau o au vailaʻau suka e tatau ona suia.

O ni vailaʻau e faʻaaoga mo le maʻisuka e aofia ai le glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), inisalini, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), ma isi. O le faiga o gaioiga e le manino.

Vailaau e faʻaititia ai le puipuiga (Immunosuppressants)

O le paina o le sami e foliga mai e faateleina ai le puipuiga. I le faʻateleina o le puipuiga, o le sami e ono faʻaititia ai le aoga o vailaʻau e faʻaititia ai le puipuiga.

O ni vailaʻau e faʻaititia ai le puipuiga e aofia ai azathioprine (Imuran), basiliximab (Simulect), cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), daclizumab (Zenapax), muromonab-CD3 (OKT3, Orthoclone OKT3), mycophenolate (CellCept), tacrolimus (FK506, Prac50 ), sirolimus (Rapamune), prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), corticosteroids (glucocorticoids), ma isi.

Vailaau e faʻagesegese le faʻaputuputu o le toto (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet vailaʻau)

O le paina o le sami e ono faatelegese ai le tui o le toto. O le aveina o le paina o le sami faatasi ai ma vailaʻau e mafai foi ona faatelegese le faaputuputuina o le tino e ono faateleina ai le avanoa o le totolia ma le palapala.

O vailaʻau e faʻatelegese ai le tui ole toto e iai le aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), ma isi.

Laʻau ma mea faʻaopopo e ono tuʻu ai i lalo le suka i le toto

Ole sami paʻu e faʻaititia ai le maualuga ole kulukose ile toto. O le faʻaaogaina ma isi fualaʻau poʻo mea faʻaopoopo e tutusa o latou aʻafiaga e ono mafua ai ona paʻu maualalo le suka i le toto. O isi fualaʻau ma mea faʻaopopo e mafai ona tuʻuina i lalo le suka i le toto e aofia ai le alpha-lipoic acid, chromium, tiapolo a le tiapolo, fenugreek, kaliki, guar gum, solofanua chestnut, Panax ginseng, psyllium, Siberian ginseng, ma isi.

Laʻau ma mea faʻaopopo e ono faʻatelegese ai le faʻaputuputu o le toto

O le faʻaaogaina o le gataifale paina faʻatasi ai ma laʻau fualaʻau e mafai ona faʻatelegeseina le tuiina o le toto e ono faʻatuputeleina ai le ono afaina o le toto i nisi tagata. O nei vailaʻau aofia ai angelica, clove, danshen, kaliki, ginger, ginkgo, Panax ginseng, ma isi.

E leai ni fesoʻotaʻiga iloa ma meaʻai.

O vailaʻau nei sa suʻesuʻeina i suʻesuʻega faasaienisi.

MATUTUA

E SAUNIU:

• Asthma: 1 mg o le faʻamautuina paʻu o le gataifale paina aveʻesega pauna o le pauna o le mamafa o le tino, e oʻo atu i le maualuga o le 200 mg / aso, na tuʻuina atu i lua vaevaeina fofo mo le tasi masina. Faʻapea foi, 50 mg o le tutusa faʻamatalaga na faʻaaoga faʻalua i aso uma mo 6 masina.
• Taʻalo afeleti: 100-200 mg o se faʻamautuina paʻu o le gataifale paina falaʻau na faʻaaogaina i aso uma mo 1-2 masina.
• Le lelei taʻamilosaga e ono mafua ai le fulafula o vae (le lava vevesi vena poʻo CVI): 45-360 mg o se faʻamautuina paʻu o le gataifale paʻu 'aveʻesega aveina i aso uma e oʻo i le tolu vaevaeina vailaʻau mo 3-12 vaiaso.

FANAU

E SAUNIU:

• Asthma: 1 mg o le faʻamautuina paʻu o le gataifale paina aveʻesega pauna o le pauna mamafa mamafa na aveina i lua vaevaeina vae mo 3 masina e tamaiti ma talavou matutua 6-18 tausaga.

Faʻaputuga Tannins, Écorce de Pin, Écorce de Pin Maritime, Extrait d'Écorce de Pin, French Marine Pine Bark Extract, French Maritime Pine Bark Extract, Leucoanthocyanidins, Maritime Bark Extract, Oligomères de Procyanidine, Oligomères Procyanidoliques, Olcyanidcopic , PCO, PCOs, Pine Bark, Pine Bark Extract, Pinus pinaster, Pinus maritima, Proanthocyanidines Oligomériques, Procyanidin Oligomers, Procyanodolic Oligomers, Pycnogenol, Pycnogénol, Pygenol, Tannins Condensés.

Ina ia aoao atili e uiga i le auala na tusia ai lenei tusitusiga, faʻamolemole vaʻai i le Natura Faʻafomaʻi Maea Faʻamatalaga metotia

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