Naini Gram

Anotusi

• O le a le pisia Gram?
• O le a le mea e faʻaaoga ai?
• Aisea ou te manaʻomia ai se stain Gram?
• O le a le mea e tupu i le taimi o le Gram stain?
• Mata e tatau ona ou faia se mea e sauniuni ai mo le suʻega?
• E i ai ni lamatiaga i le suʻega?
• O le a le uiga o faʻaiuga?
• E i ai seisi mea e tatau ona ou iloa e uiga i le Gram stain?
• Faʻamatalaga

O le a le pisia Gram?

O le Gram stain o se suʻega e siaki ai siama i le nofoaga o loʻo masalomia se siama pe i ni tino o le tino, pei o le toto poʻo le miaga. O nei 'upega tafaʻilagi e aofia ai le faʻaʻi, mama, ma itutinosa, ma i manuʻa manuʻa.

E lua vaega taua o siama siama: Gram-lelei ma le Gram-le lelei. O vaega ua faʻamaonia faʻavae i luga o le faʻafefea ona tali atu siama i le Gram pisia. O le Gram stain e lanu viole. Pe a tuʻufaʻatasia le pisia ma siama i se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le siama o le a tumau pea le pāuli pe liu piniki pe mumu. Afai o le siama tumau lanu viole, o latou Gram-lelei. Afai o le siama liliu lanu piniki pe mumu, latou o Gram-le lelei. O vaega e lua e mafua ai ituaiga eseese o faʻamaʻi:

• O faʻamaʻi pipisi i le faʻamaʻi lelei e aofia ai le Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistence, faʻamaʻi o le strep, ma le faʻateʻia oona.
• O faʻamaʻi pipisi e le aofia ai le salmonella, niumonia, faʻamaʻi o le urinary tract, ma le gonorrhea.

E mafai foi ona faʻaaoga se pisia Gram e iloa ai faʻamaʻi pipisi.

Isi igoa: Gram's stain

O le a le mea e faʻaaoga ai?

E masani ona faʻaaoga le pisia o le Gram e iloa ai pe faʻamaʻi lou siama. Afai e te faia, o le a faʻaalia le suʻega pe afai o lou siama o le Gram-lelei poʻo le Gram-le lelei.

Aisea ou te manaʻomia ai se stain Gram?

Oe ono manaʻomia lenei suʻega peʻa iai ni faʻailoga o se siama siama. Tiga, fiva, ma le lelava o masani a faʻailoga o le tele siama siama. O isi faʻailoga e faʻamoemoeina i le ituaiga o faʻamaʻi ua e maua ma le mea o loʻo i ai le tino.

O le a le mea e tupu i le taimi o le Gram stain?

E manaʻomia e lau tausi soifua maloloina ona ave se faʻataʻitaʻiga mai le nofoaga o loʻo masalomia se siama pe mai nisi vai o le tino, faʻamoemoe i le ituaiga faʻamaʻi ono e maua. O ituaiga masani o suʻega stain o le Gram o loʻo lisi atu i lalo.

Faʻataʻitaʻiga manuʻa:

• O le tautua o le a faʻaaogaina se faʻapitoa swab e aoina se faʻataʻitaʻiga mai le tulaga o lou manuʻa.

Toto suʻega:

• E ave e se sapalai se faʻataʻitaʻiga o le toto mai se alatoto i lou lima.

Suʻesuʻe suʻega:

• O le a e tuʻuina atu se faʻamama totoga o le miaga i totonu o le ipu, e pei ona faʻatonuina e lau fomaʻi.

Faʻafiafia aganuu:

• O le a tuʻuina i totonu e lou fomaʻi se paluga faʻapitoa i lou gutu e ave se faʻataʻitaʻiga mai tua o le faʻaʻi ma tone.

Aganuu Sputum. Sputum o se mafiafia mucus e tale mai luga i mama. E ese mai le feanu poʻo le faua.

• O le a fai atu lau fomaʻi faʻafomaʻi ia oe e tale le isuka i totonu o se ipu faʻapitoa, pe mafai ona faʻaaoga se swab faʻapitoa e ave ai se faʻataʻitaʻiga mai lou isu.

Mata e tatau ona ou faia se mea e sauniuni ai mo le suʻega?

E te le manaʻomia ni sauniuniga faʻapitoa mo se pisia Gram.

E i ai ni lamatiaga i le suʻega?

E leai se mea e ono tupu ai se swab, sputum, poʻo le urine test.

E laʻititi lava le aʻafia ile faia ole suʻega ile toto. E i ai sina tiga poʻo se tiga i le mea na tuu ai le nila, ae o le tele o faʻailoga e vave ona alu ese.

O le a le uiga o faʻaiuga?

O lau faʻataʻitaʻiga o le a tuʻu luga o se solo ma togafiti ma le Gram pisia. O se tagata poto faapitoa i fale suesue o le a iloiloina le ata faasolo i lalo o se microscope. Afai e leai ni siama na maua, o lona uiga masalo e leai sau siama siama pe leai foi ni siama i le faʻataʻitaʻiga.

Afai na maua ni siama, e i ai ni uiga taua e ono maua ai faʻamatalaga taua e uiga i lou siama:

• Afai na lanu lanu viole siama, o lona uiga e ono maua oe ile faʻamaʻi lelei ole Gram.
• Afai o le siama na lanu lanu piniki pe mumu, o lona uiga e ono i ai sau faʻamaʻi Gram-le lelei.

O au iʻuga o le a aofia ai foʻi faʻamatalaga e uiga i foliga o siama i lau faʻataʻitaʻiga. Ole tele o siama e faʻataʻamilomilo (taʻua ole cocci) poo rod-shaped (taʻua ole bacilli). O le foliga e mafai ona maua ai nisi faʻamatalaga e uiga i le ituaiga o faʻamaʻi ua e maua.

E ui lava o au faʻaiuga atonu e le mafai ona iloa le ituaiga tonu o siama i lau faʻataʻitaʻiga, e mafai ona latou fesoasoani i lau kamupani o loʻo faʻatalata atu i le sailia o le mafuaʻaga o ou maʻi ma le auala sili e togafitia ai. Oe ono manaʻomia nisi faʻataʻitaʻiga, pei ole siama tuʻufaʻatasi, e faʻamautinoa ai le ituaiga o siama.

O faʻaiuga o le pisia o le Gram e mafai foʻi ona faʻaalia pe o iai sau faʻamaʻi toto. O iʻuga e ono faʻaalia ai le vaega o faʻamaʻi pipisi na e maua: fefete poʻo suia. Ae atonu e manaʻomia nisi faʻataʻitaʻiga e iloa ai poʻo le fea faʻamaʻi pipisi na e maua.

A iai ni au fesili e uiga i au iʻuga, talanoa i lau fomaʻi.

Aʻoaʻo atili e uiga i suʻesuʻega falesuesue, vaitau o faʻasino, ma malamalamaaga i iʻuga

E i ai seisi mea e tatau ona ou iloa e uiga i le Gram stain?

A faʻamaonia oe ua maua i siama siama, atonu o le a faatonuina ai oe e fai ma vailaʻau oona. E taua le inu o au vailaʻau pei ona faʻatonuina, tusa lava pe agamalu au faʻailoga. Ole mea lea e mafai ona puipuia ai lou faʻamaʻi mai le leaga atili ma mafua ai faigata faigata.

Faʻamatalaga

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3. Lab Tofotofoga lugalaina [Initaneti]. Washington D.C .: American Association mo Vailaʻau Togafitiga; c2001–2020. Sputum Culture, Siama; [faafou 2020 Ian 14; taʻua 2020 Ape 6]; [pe a ma le 2 pupuni] Avanoa mai: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/sputum-cultural-bacterial
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6. Merck Manual Consumer Version [Initaneti]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc. c2020. Faʻamaoniga o faʻamaʻi pipisi; [faafou 2018 Aukuso; taʻua 2020 Ape 6]; [pe a ma le 2 pupuni] Avanoa mai: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/diagnosis-of-infectious-disease/diagnosis-of-infectious-disease
7. Merck Manual Consumer Version [Initaneti]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc. c2020. Vaaiga aoao i le Gram-Negative Bacteria; [faafouina 2020 Fep; taʻua 2020 Ape 6]; [pe a ma le 2 pupuni] Avanoa mai: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-negative-bacteria/overview-of-gram-negative-bacteria
8. Merck Manual Consumer Version [Initaneti]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc. c2020. Vaaiga aoao i le Gram-Positive Bacteria; [faafouina 2019 Iuni; taʻua 2020 Ape 6]; [pe a ma le 2 pupuni] Avanoa mai: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-positive-bacteria/overview-of-gram-positive-bacteria
9. Microbial Life Educational Punaoa [Initaneti]. Saienisi Aoga Aʻoaʻoga Punaoa; Valivali o le Gram; [faafou 2016 Nov 3; taʻua 2020 Ape 6]; [tusa o le 4 pupuni] Avanoa mai: https://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/microscopy/gramstain.html
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12. UF Soifua Maloloina: Iunivesite o Florida Soifua Maloloina [Initaneti]. Gainesville (FL): Iunivesite o Florida Soifua Maloloina; c2020. Gram stain: Vaaiga aoao; [faafou 2020 Ape 6; taʻua 2020 Ape 6]; [pe a ma le 2 pupuni] Avanoa mai: https://ufhealth.org/gram-stain
13. Iunivesite o Rochester Medical Center [Initaneti]. Rochester (NY): Iunivesite o Rochester Medical Center; c2020. Soifua Maloloina Encyclopedia: Gram Stain; [taʻua 2020 Ape 6]; [pe a ma le 2 pupuni] Avanoa mai: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=gram_stain
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O faʻamatalaga i luga o lenei 'upega tafaʻilagi e le tatau ona faʻaaogaina e fai ma sui o fomaʻi faʻapitoa togafitiga poʻo fautuaga. Faʻafesoʻotaʻi le au tausi soifua pe a iai ni au fesili e uiga i lou soifua maloloina.