Pipiina o tamailima poʻo tamaivae

O le kalapu o suiga i vaega o loʻo i lalo ma faʻataʻamilomilo atigivae ma atigilima e tutupu ma ni faʻaletonu. O fao e faʻaalia foi suiga.

Faʻailoga masani o le kalapu:

• O moega fao e faamalulu. O fao e ono foliga mai e "opeopea" nai lo le pipiʻi mau.
• O fao faʻatupuina se maʻai tulimanu ma le cuticle.
• O le vaega mulimuli o le tamailima e ono foliga lapoʻa pe faʻapipiʻi. Atonu foi e mafanafana ma mumu.
• E piʻo ifo le fao i lalo o lea e foliga mai o le vaega lapotopoto o se sipuni i luga-lalo.

Kalapu e mafai ona atiina ae vave, masani i totonu o vaiaso. E mafai foi ona alu vave pe a togafitia lona mafuaʻaga.

Kanesa kanesa ole mafuaʻaga masani a le kalapu. Ole faʻapipiʻi e masani ona tupu ile fatu ma faʻamaʻi mama e faʻaititia ai le okesene ile toto. E ono aofia ai:

• Loto faaletonu o loʻo iai i le taimi fanau (fanau mai)
• O faʻamaʻi pipisi o le mama e tupu i tagata e maua i le bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, poʻo le mama na maua
• Siama o le ie ufiufi o le fatu potu ma afu o le fatu (faʻamaʻi endocarditis). E mafua lenei mea i siama, fungus, poʻo isi vailaʻau pipisi
• Faʻafitauli o le mama lea e fulafula ai le loloto o aano o mama ma maʻila ai (faʻafitauli o le mama i vasa)

Isi mafuaʻaga o le kalapu:

• Faamaʻi Celiac
• Cirrhosis o le ate ma isi maʻi o le ate
• Dysentery
• Faamaʻi tuugamau
• Ova tele lou kelu toto
• Isi ituaiga kanesa, e aofia ai le ate, gastrointestinal, Hodgkin lymphoma

A e matauina le kalapu, valaʻau lau fomaʻi.

O le tagata ma le kalapu e masani ona maua i faʻailoga o seisi tulaga. Faʻailoaina o lena tulaga e faʻavae i luga:

• Talafaʻasolopito o aiga
• Talaʻaga faʻafomaʻi
• Suʻega faʻaletino e tilotilo i mama ma le fatafata

E ono fesiligia e le kamupani tuʻuina atu fesili e pei o:

• E i ai sau faʻafitauli manava?
• E i ai ni ou kuluputu o tamailima, tamatamaʻivae, poʻo mea uma e lua?
• O anafea na e matauina ai lenei mea? E te manatu ua amata ona sili atu le leaga?
• E i ai i le paʻu se lanu moana?
• O a isi faʻailoga ua e maua?

O suʻega ia e ono faia:

• Kesi toto Arterial
• Suʻega o le fatafata CT
• Fatafata x-ray
• Echocardiogram
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Suʻesuʻega o le pulmonary function

E leai se togafitiga mo le kalapu lava ia. O le mafuaʻaga o le kalapu mafai ona togafitia, peitaʻi.

Kalapu

• Kalapu
• O tamatamai lima kalapu

Davis JL, Murray JF. Talaʻaga ma suʻega faʻaletino. I: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst MD, et al, eds. Murray ma Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 6th ed. Filatelefaia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: mata 16.

Drake WM, Chowdhury TA. Suʻesuʻega lautele onosaʻi ma eseʻese faʻamaoniga. I: Glynn M, Drake WM, eds. Hutchison's Clinical Metotia. 24th ed. Filatelefia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mata 2.

Kliegman RM, St.Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM. Cyanotic fanau mai fatu fatu: lesions fesoʻotaʻi ma le faaitiitia o le toto tafe toto. I le: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Tusitusiga o Pediatrics. 21 ed. Filatelefia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 457.