Niacinamide

Anotusi

• Masalo aoga mo ...
• Masalo e aoga mo ...
• Masalo le aoga mo ...
• Le lava molimau e fuaina aoga mo ...
• Lapataiga faʻapitoa & lapataʻiga:

E lua ituaiga vitamini B3. O le tasi fomu o le niacin, o le tasi o le niacinamide. Niacinamide e maua i le tele o meaʻai e aofia ai le fefete, aano o iʻa, iʻa, susu, fuamoa, fualaʻau lanumeamata, pi, ma fatu sereal. Niacinamide o loʻo maua foi ile tele o vitamini B faʻafitauli faigata ma isi B vitamini. Niacinamide mafai foi ona fausiaina i le tino mai dietary niacin.

Aua le fenumiai niacinamide ma niacin, NADH, nikotinamide riboside, inositol nikotini, po o le tryptophan. Vaʻai lisi eseʻese mo nei mataupu.

Niacinamide e ave e le gutu mo le puipuia o le vaitamini B3 le lava ma isi fesoʻotaʻiga pei o le pellagra. E ave foi e le gutu mo fuafua, suka, kanesa o le gutu, osteoarthritis, ma le tele o isi tulaga. Peitai, e leai se lelei faʻasaienisi faʻamaoniga e lagolagoina nei faʻaaogaina.

Niacinamide e faʻapipiʻi foʻi ile paʻu mo fuafua, papala, ma isi tulaga ole paʻu. E leai foi ni faʻamaoniga lelei e lagolagoina ai nei faʻaoga.

Natura Faʻafomaʻi Maea Faʻamatalaga fua faatatau aoga faʻavae i luga o faʻasaienitisi faʻamaoniga e tusa ma le fua faʻatatau lenei: Aoga, Masalo Lelei Lelei, E Lelei Lelei, Masalo Lelei Lelei, Masalo Lelei, Le Lelei, ma Le lava Faʻamaoniga e Fuafua ai.

Le aoga togi mo NIACINAMIDE e faapea:

Masalo aoga mo ...

• O se faʻamaʻi mafua mai i le niacin le lava (pellagra). Niacinamide ua faʻamaonia e le U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mo nei faʻaaogaina. Niacinamide e sili i nisi taimi nai lo niacin aua e le mafua ai le "flushing," (mumu, mageso ma tingling), o se itu aafiaga o niacin togafitiga.

Masalo e aoga mo ...

• Fuafua. I le amataga o suʻesuʻega, o le inuina o fualaʻau o loʻo iai niacinamide ma isi mea mo le 8 vaiaso e faʻaleleia ai le paʻu o tagata i tagata e maua i fuafua. O isi suʻesuʻega faʻaalia ai o le faʻaaogaina o le kulimi o loʻo i ai le niacinamide e faʻaleleia ai le aliali mai o le paʻu i tagata e maua i fuafua.
• Maʻi suka. O nisi suʻesuʻega faʻaalia ai o le faia o le niacinamide atonu e fesoasoani e puipuia ai le leiloa o le inisalini gaosia i tamaiti ma tagata matutua e ono aʻafia i le maʻisuka ituaiga 1. E ono mafai ai foi ona puipuia le leiloa o le inisalini gaosia ma faʻaititia le inumaga o inisalini manaʻomia e tamaiti talu ai nei faʻamaonia i le ituaiga 1 maʻisuka. Peitai, le niacinamide e foliga mai e le mafai ai ona puipuia le atinaʻeina o le ituaiga 1 maʻisuka i tamaiti ono lamatia. I tagata e maua ile maʻisuka ituaiga 2, ole niacinamide e fesoasoani e puipui le gaosia ole inisalini ma faʻaleleia le puleaina ole suka ile toto.
• Maualuga tulaga o phosphate i le toto (hyperphosphatemia). Ole maualuga ole toto ole phosphate e mafua mai ile faʻaititia ole fatugao. I tagata e le lelei fatugaʻo o loʻo i luga ole hemodialysis ma maualuga le maualuga ole toto phosphate, ole niacinamide e foliga mai e fesoasoani e faʻaititia ai le maualuga ole phosphate pe a aveina i ai pe leai ni fusi uʻamea.
• Kanesa o le ulu ma le ua. Ua faʻaalia mai i suʻesuʻega le avea o le niacinamide aʻo maua le radiotherapy ma se ituaiga togafitiga e taʻua o le karbogen e ono fesoasoani e taofi ai le tuputupu aʻe ma faʻateleina le ola o nisi tagata e maua ile kanesa ole larynx. Avea le niacinamide a o mauaina le radiotherapy ma le karbogen e foliga mai e manuia ai tagata e maua i le kanesa o le larynx o loʻo iai foʻi faʻamaʻi. E foliga mai foi e fesoasoani i tagata ua maua i latou tumors ua le maua le okesene.
• Kanesa o le paʻu. Avea niacinamide foliga fesoasoani e puipuia ai fou kanesa kanesa po o precancerous togi (actinic keratosis) mai fausiaina i tagata ma le talaʻaga o le paʻu kanesa po actinic keratosis.
• Osteoarthritis. Avea niacinamide foliga mai e faʻaleleia atili soʻoga fetuʻunaʻi ma faʻaititia le tiga ma fulafula i tagata i le osteoarthritis. Faʻapea foi, nisi tagata e maua i le osteoarthritis oe inu niacinamide ono manaʻomia e inu laʻititi ni tiga vailaʻau.

Masalo le aoga mo ...

• Tumo o le faiʻai. I le amataga o suʻesuʻega o loʻo faʻaalia ai o le togafitia o tagata e iai taotoga ua aveʻesea le faiʻai o le faiʻai ma le niacinamide, o le radiotherapy, ma le karbogen e le faʻaleleia atili ai le ola peʻa faʻatusatusa i le radiotherapy poʻo le radiotherapy ma le karbogen.
• Kanesa o le tagāmimi. Togafitiga tagata e maua i le kanesa kanesa ma le niacinamide, radiotherapy, ma le karapene foliga mai e le faʻaititia tuputupu tuputupu pe faʻaleleia le ola faʻatusatusa i le radiotherapy poʻo radiotherapy ma karbogen.

Le lava molimau e fuaina aoga mo ...

• Se faʻamaʻi mata e tau atu ai i le leiloa o mata i tagata matutua (matutua-fesoʻotaʻi macular degeneration poʻo le AMD). O le vave suʻesuʻe e taʻu mai ai o le inuina o le niacinamide, vitamini E, ma le lutein mo le tausaga e faaleleia ai le lelei o le retina i tagata o loʻo vaʻai i tausaga le vaai ona o le retina na faʻaleagaina.
• Paʻu matua. I le amataga o suʻesuʻega o loʻo faʻaalia ai o le faʻaaogaina o kulimi o loʻo iai le 5% niacinamide ile foliga e faʻaleleia atili ai le pisia o le tino, maanuminumi, uila, ma le mumu o fafine e matutua le paʻu ona o le la ua faʻaleagaina.
• Eczema (atopic dermatitis). O suʻesuʻega muamua na faʻaalia ai o le faʻaaogaina o kulimi o loʻo iai le 2% niacinamide e faʻaititia ai le leiloa o le suavai ma faʻaleleia le faʻamamaina o le tino, ma faʻaititia ai le mumu ma le faʻavaʻaina o tagata, i tagata e maua ile faʻamaʻi.
• Faʻamatalaga o le le atoatoa-hyperactivity faʻaletonu (ADHD). O loʻo iai feteʻenaʻi faʻamatalaga e uiga i le aoga o le niacinamide faʻatasi ma isi vaitamini mo le togafitiga o le ADHD.
• Paʻu mumu mafua mai i manuʻa po o le itaitagofie (erythema). I le amataga o suʻesuʻega, o le faʻaaogaina o le kulimi o loʻo iai le niacinamide e faʻaititia ai le mumu o le paʻu, mago, ma le mageso na mafua mai ile vailaʻau oona ole isotretinoin.
• Faʻamaʻi fatugaʻo mo se taimi uʻumi (faʻamaʻi o fatugaʻo faaumiumi poʻo le CKD). I le amataga o suʻesuʻega faʻaalia ai o le avea o le niacinamide e le fesoasoani e faʻaititia ai le mageso i tagata e maua i faʻamaʻi fatugaʻo.
• Paʻu uliuli fono i luga o le foliga (melasma). O suʻesuʻega muamua na faʻaalia ai o le faʻaogaina o le moisturizer o loʻo iai le 5% niacinamide poʻo le 2% niacinamide ma le 2% tranexamic acid mo le 4-8 vaiaso e fesoasoani e faʻamalamalamaina le paʻu i tagata e faʻapogisaina fasimea o le paʻu.
• Kanesa e amata i sela papaʻe papaʻe (e le o le Hodgkin lymphoma). O suʻesuʻega muamua na faʻaalia ai o le avea o le niacinamide o se vaega o togafitiga ma se vailaʻau e taʻua o le vorinostat e ono fesoasoani ai i tagata e maua i le lymphoma eo atu i le faʻamagaloga.
• O se paʻu tulaga e mafua ai mumu i luga o foliga (rosacea). I le amataga o suʻesuʻega, o le inuina o papamaa e iai le niacinamide ma isi mea mo le 8 vaiaso e faʻaleleia ai le paʻu o tagata i tagata e iai le rosacea.
• Paʻu, paʻu le paʻu i luga o le ulu ma foliga (seborrheic dermatitis). I le amataga o suʻesuʻega o loʻo faʻaalia ai o le faʻaaogaina o le kulimi o loʻo i ai le 4% niacinamide e mafai ona faʻaititia ai le mumu ma le maʻila o le paʻu i tagata e maua i le seborrheic dermatitis.
• Ava Malosi.
• Faamai Alzheimer.
• Gugu.
• Faʻaletonu i mea e manatua ma mafaufauga e masani ona tupu i le matua.
• Faʻanoanoa.
• Toto maualuga.
• Maʻi minoi.
• Premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
• Isi tulaga.

E tele molimau e manaʻomia e fua ai le niacinamide mo nei faʻaaogaina.

Niacinamide mafai ona faia mai niacin i le tino. Niacin e liua i le niacinamide pe a fai e sili atu le tele nai lo le mea e manaʻomia e le tino. Niacinamide e faigofie ona faʻavaivaia i le vai ma e mitiia lelei pe a ave e le gutu.

Niacinamide e manaʻomia mo le lelei faʻagaioiga o gaʻo ma suka i le tino ma ia tausia sela maloloina.

E le pei ole niacin, ole niacinamide e leai sona aoga i gaʻo ma e le tatau ona faʻaaogaina e togafitia ai le maualuga ole kolisi poʻo le maualuga o le gaʻo ile toto. A ave e le gutu: Niacinamide o MAFAI ONA SAFIA mo tele tagata matutua pe a ave i le aofaʻi fautuaina. E le pei ole niacin, ole niacinamide e le mafua ai le faʻasusu. Peitaʻi, ole niacinamide e ono aʻafia ai ni aʻafiaga laiti e pei o le manava manava, kesi, niniva, mageso, mageso, ma isi faʻafitauli. Ina ia faʻaititia le ono aʻafia o nei aʻafiaga, e tatau i tagata matutua ona alo ese mai le faia o niacinamide i tui e sili atu i le 35 mg i le aso.

A o tui e sili atu i le 3 kalama i le aso o le niacinamide e faia, sili atu ogaoga aʻafiaga ono mafai ona tupu. E aofia ai faʻafitauli ile ate poʻo le suka maualuga ile toto.

A faʻapipiʻi i le paʻu: Niacinamide o MAFAI ONA SAFIA. Niacinamide kulimi ono mafua ai le mu malu, mageso, po o le mumu.

Lapataiga faʻapitoa & lapataʻiga:

Maitaga ma susu-fafagaina: Niacinamide o MAFAI ONA SAFIA mo maʻitaga ma failele-fafagaina fafine pe a ave i le aofaʻi fautuaina. O le tapulaʻa maualuga fautuaina o niacin mo maʻitaga po o susu-fafagaina fafine o 30 mg i le aso mo fafine i lalo o 18 tausaga le matutua, ma 35 mg i le aso mo fafine i luga 18 tausaga o tausaga.

Tamaiti: Niacinamide o MAFAI ONA SAFIA pe a ave e le gutu i le aofaʻi fautuaina mo tausaga uma kulupu. Ae tatau i tamaiti ona alo ese mai le tuʻuina o ni fualaʻau o le niacinamide i luga aʻe o le tapulaʻa maualuga o aso uma, e 10 mg mo tamaiti 1-3 tausaga le matutua, 15 mg mo tamaiti 4-8 tausaga le matutua, 20 mg mo tamaiti 9-13 tausaga le matutua, ma 30 mg mo tamaiti 14-18 tausaga le matutua.

Allergies: Niacinamide mafai ona faia faʻamaʻi sili atu ona ogaoga ona latou mafua ai histamine, o le vailaʻau mafua ai mo faʻamaʻi auga, e faʻasaʻoloto.

Maʻi suka: Niacinamide ono faʻateleina suka suka. Tagata e maua ile maʻisuka e inu i le niacinamide e tatau ona siaki toto a latou suka suka

Faʻamaʻi Gallbladder: Niacinamide ono faʻateleina faʻamaʻi gallbladder.

Goutu: Tele aofaʻi o niacinamide ono aumaia luga o le gout.

Dialysis fatugaʻo: Avea niacinamide foliga mai e faateleina ai le tulaga lamatia o le maualalo le toto-platelet tulaga i tagata ma fatugaʻo toilalo o loʻo i dialysis.

Maʻi ole ate: Niacinamide ono faʻateleina le faʻaleagaina o le ate. Aua le faʻaogaina pe a fai e maua oe ile maʻi ole ate.

Manava pe manava papala: Niacinamide ono atili ai ona papala. Aua le faʻaogaina pe a fai ua i ai lou papala.

Taotoga: Niacinamide ono faʻalavelave ile toto taofi suka ile taimi ma le maeʻa o taʻotoga. Taofi le faia o le niacinamide a itiiti mai 2 vaiaso ae leʻi faia se taotoga faʻatulagaina.

Feololo

Faʻaeteete i lenei tuʻufaʻatasiga.

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) ua gagau e le tino. E i ai le popolega o le niacinamide ono faʻaititia pe o le a le saoasaoa o le tino malepe i lalo carbamazepine (Tegretol). Ae e le lava faʻamatalaga e iloa ai pe o le taua lea.

Vailaau e mafai ona afaina ai le ate (Hepatotoxic vailaʻau)

Niacinamide ono afaina le ate, aemaise pe a faʻaaogaina i le tele o tui. Avea niacinamide faʻatasi ma vailaʻau e ono afaina ai foʻi le ate e mafai ona faʻateleina ai le ono afaina o le ate. Aua le tagofia le niacinamide pe a fai o inu au vailaʻau e afaina ai le ate.

Nisi vailaʻau e mafai ona afaina ai le ate aofia acetaminophen (Tylenol ma isi), amiodarone (Cordarone), carbamazepine (Tegretol), isoniazid (INH), methotrexate (Rheumatrex), methyldopa (Aldomet), fluconazole (Diflucan), itraconazole (Sporanozole (Spiflucan), itraconazole (Sporanozole (Spiflucan), itraconazole erythromycin (Erythrocin, Ilosone, isi), phenytoin (Dilantin), lovastatin (Mevacor), pravastatin (Pravachol), simvastatin (Zocor), ma le tele o isi.

Vailaau e faʻagesegese le faʻaputuputu o le toto (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet vailaʻau)

Niacinamide ono faʻatelegese le tolo o le toto. O le inuina o le niacinamide faʻatasi ai ma vailaʻau e mafai ai foi ona faʻamalosia le teteʻeina e ono faʻatuputeleina ai le avanoa o le totolia ma le palapala.

O vailaʻau e faʻatelegese ai le tui ole toto e iai le aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, indomethacin (Indocin), ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), ma isi

Primidone (Mysoline)

Primidone (Mysoline) ua gagau i lalo e le tino. E i ai le popolega o le niacinamide ono faʻaititia le vave o le tino talepe lalo primidone (Mysoline). Ae e le lava faʻamatalaga e iloa ai pe o le taua lea.

Laʻau ma mea faʻaopopo e ono afaina ai le ate

Niacinamide e ono mafua ai le afaina o le ate, aemaise lava pe a faʻaaogaina i maualuga maualuga. Avea niacinamide faʻatasi ai ma isi laʻau poʻo ni vailaʻau e ono afaina ai le ate e ono faʻateleina ai lenei aʻafiaga. O nisi o nei oloa e aofia ai androstenedione, borage leaf, chaparral, comfrey, dehydroepiandrolone (DHEA), germander, kava, pennyroyal oil, red yeast, ma isi.

Laʻau ma mea faʻaopopo e ono faʻatelegese ai le faʻaputuputu o le toto

Niacinamide ono faʻatelegese le tolo o le toto. O le faʻaaogaina o le niacinamide faʻatasi ai ma isi laʻau ma mea faʻaopopo e faʻatelegese ai le tui o le toto e ono faʻatuputeleina ai le ono afaina o le toto i nisi tagata. O isi fualaʻau o lenei ituaiga e aofia ai le angelica, clove, danshen, kaliki, ginger, Panax ginseng, ma isi.

E leai ni fesoʻotaʻiga iloa ma meaʻai.

O vailaʻau nei sa suʻesuʻeina i suʻesuʻega faasaienisi.

MATUTUA

E SAUNIU:

• Lautele: Nisi o meaʻai supa oloa ono le lisi niacinamide eseese i luga o le igoa. Nai lo lena, atonu e lisiina i lalo o niacin. Niacin e fuaina i niacin tutusa (NE). O le tui o le 1 mg o le niacinamide e tutusa ma le 1 mg NE. O aso uma fautuaina mo meaʻai (RDA) mo niacinamide i tagata matutua e 16 mg NE mo alii, 14 mg NE mo fafine, 18 mg NE mo fafine maʻitaga, ma 17 mg NE mo lactating fafine.
• Mo fuafua: O fualaʻau o loʻo iai le 750 mg o le niacinamide, 25 mg o le zinc, 1.5 mg o le kopa, ma le 500 mcg o le folic acid (Nicomide) e tasi pe faʻalua i aso uma na faʻaaogaina. E le gata i lea, o papamaa 1-4 o loʻo i ai le niacinamide, azelaic acid, zinc, vitamini B6, 'apamemea ma le folic acid (NicAzel, Elorac Inc., Vernon Hills, IL) na ave i aso uma.
• Mo vitamini B3 le lava faʻailoga pei o pellagra: 300-500 mg i le aso o le niacinamide e tuʻuina i vaevaeina.
• Mo suka: Niacinamide 1.2 kalama / m² (tino luga vaega) poʻo le 25-50 mg / kg o loʻo faʻaaogaina i aso uma mo le faifai lemu alualu i luma o le maʻisuka ituaiga 1. Faʻapea foi, 0.5 kalama o le niacinamide tolu taimi i aso uma e faʻaaogaina e faʻatelegese ai le alualu i luma o le maʻisuka ituaiga 2.
• Mo maualuga tulaga o phosphate i le toto (hyperphosphatemia): Niacinamide mai le 500 mg e oʻo atu i le 1.75 kalama i aso uma i vaevaega o vailaʻau e faʻaaoga mo le 8-12 vaiaso.
• Mo kanesa o le larynx: 60 mg / kg o le niacinamide e tuʻuina atu le 1-1.5 itula ae e leʻi manavaina le karaponi (2% carbon dioxide ma le 98% oxygen) i luma ma le taimi o le radiotherapy.
• Mo kanesa paʻu e ese mai i le melanoma: 500 mg o le niacinamide tasi pe faʻalua i aso uma mo le 4-12 masina.
• Mo le togafitia osteoarthritis: 3 kalama o le niacinamide ile aso ile vaevaega vaevaeina mo 12 vaiaso.

I LE LAPUGA:

• Fuafua: O le gel o loʻo iai le 4% niacinamide faʻalua i aso uma.

FANAU

• Lautele: O aso uma fautuaina mo meaʻai o le aso (RDAs) mo niacinamide o tamaiti e 2 mg mo pepe 0-6 masina le matutua, 4 mg NE mo pepe 7-12 masina le matutua, 6 mg NE mo tamaiti 1-3 tausaga le matutua, 8 mg NE mo tamaiti 4-8 tausaga le matutua, 12 mg NE mo tamaiti 9-13 tausaga le matutua, 16 mg NE mo tamaloloa 14-18 tausaga le matutua, ma 14 mg NE mo fafine 14-18 tausaga le matutua.
• Mo fuafua: I tamaiti le itiiti ifo i le 12 tausaga le matutua, 1-4 papaʻu o loʻo iai niacinamide, azelaic acid, zinc, vitamini B6, kopa, ma le folic acid (NicAzel, Elorac Inc., Vernon Hills, IL) e ave i aso uma.
• Mo pellagra: 100-300 mg o le niacinamide e tuʻuina mai i aso uma ile vaevaega vaevaeina.
• Mo le maʻisuka ituaiga 1: 1.2 kalama / m² (tino luga vaega) poʻo le 25-50 mg / kg o le niacinamide e faʻaaogaina i aso uma mo le faifai lemu o le alualu i luma pe puipuia le ituaiga 1 maʻisuka.

3-Pyridine Carboxamide, 3-Pyridinecarboxamide, Amide de lʻAcide Nicotinique, B Complex Vitamini, Complexe de Vitamini B, Niacinamida, Nicamid, Nicosedine, Nicotinamide, Nicotinic Acid Amide, Nicotylamidum, Pyridine-3-carboxamide, Vitamini B3, Vitamina B , Vitamine B3.

Ina ia aoao atili e uiga i le auala na tusia ai lenei tusitusiga, faʻamolemole vaʻai i le Natura Faʻafomaʻi Maea Faʻamatalaga metotia

1. Zhang Y, Ma T, Zhang P. Malosiaga ma le saogalemu o le nicotinamide i luga o le phosphorus metabolism i tagata gasegase o le hemodialysis: O se iloiloga faʻasolosolo ma meta-auiliiliga. Vailaau (Baltimore). 2018; 97: e12731. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
2. Cannizzaro MV, Dattola A, Garofalo V, Del Duca E, Bianchi L. Faʻaitiitia o le oral isotretinoin paʻu aafiaga: aoga o 8% omega-ceramides, hydrophilic sugars, 5% niacinamide kulimi kulimi i fuafua tagata mama. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2018; 153: 161-164. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
3. Nofoaga autu mo Togafitiga Faʻataʻitaʻi i le NICE (UK). Hyperphosphataemia i Faamaʻi Fatugao faaumiumi: Puleaina o le Hyperphosphataemia i tagata mamaʻi ma le tulaga 4 poʻo le 5 Faʻamaʻi Fatugao faaumiumi. National Institute mo le Soifua Maloloina ma le Tausiga Sili: Fomaʻi Faʻataʻi. Manaseta: National Institute mo le Soifua Maloloina ma le Tausiga Sili (UK); 2013 Mati
4. Cheng SC, Young DO, Huang Y, Delmez JA, Coyne DW. O se faʻasolosolo, faʻalua-tauaso, placebo-pulea faʻataʻitaʻiga o le niacinamide mo le faʻaititia o le phosphorus i hemodialysis tagata mamaʻi. Clin J Am Soc Nefrol. 2008 Iulai; 3: 1131-8. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
5. Hoskin PJ, Rojas AM, Bentzen SM, Saunders MI. Radiotherapy faʻatasi ma le gaʻo oona ma le nikotinamide i le kanesa kanesa. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Nov 20; 28: 4912-8. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
6. Surjana D, Halliday GM, Martin AJ, Moloney FJ, Damian DL. Ole gutu ole nikotinamide e faʻaititia ai le actinic keratoses ile vaega II faʻalua-faʻataʻamiloina faʻasolosolo faʻataʻitaʻia o faʻataʻitaʻiga. J Inivesi Dermatol. 2012 Me; 132: 1497-500. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
7. Omidian M, Khazanee A, Yaghoobi R, Ghorbani AR, Pazyar N, Beladimousavi SS, Ghadimi M, Mohebbipour A, Feily A. Therapeutic effect o le oral nicotinamide i luga o refactory uremic pruritus: o se faʻavasega, lua-tauaso suesuega. Saudi J Fatugao Dis Transpl. 2013 Sep; 24: 995-9. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
8. Nijkamp MM, Span PN, Terhaard CH, Doornaert PA, Langendijk JA, van den Ende PL, de Jong M, van der Kogel AJ, Bussink J, Kaanders JH. Epidermal tuputupu ae mea faʻaalia tali i le kanesa laryngeal vavalo le aʻafiaga o hypoxia fesuiaiga o se faʻaopoopoga i faʻatelevaveina radiotherapy i se randomized pulea faʻamasinoga. Eur J Kanesa. 2013 Oketopa; 49: 3202-9. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
9. Martin AJ, Chen A, Choy B, et al. O le oral nikotinamide e faʻaititia ai le kanesa o le aktinic: O le vaega 3 faʻalua-tauaso faʻasolosolo faʻataʻitaʻia le faʻataʻitaʻia. J Clin Oncol 33, 2015 (supa; abstr 9000).
10. Lee DH, Oh IY, Koo KT, Suk JM, Jung SW, Park JO, Kim BJ, Choi YM. Faʻaititia i hyperpigmentation foliga ina ua maeʻa togafitiga ma le tuʻufaʻatasia o topical niacinamide ma tranexamic acid: o se randomized, faʻalua-tauaso, taʻavale-pulea faʻataʻitaʻiga. Paʻu Res Technol. 2014 Me; 20: 208-12. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
11. Khodaeiani E, Fouladi RF, Amirnia M, Saeidi M, Karimi ER. Autu 4% nikotinamide vs. 1% clindamycin i feololo pupuna fuafua fuafua maso. Int J Dermatol. 2013 Aukuso; 52: 999-1004. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
12. Janssens GO, Rademakers SE, Terhaard CH, Doornaert PA, Bijl HP, van den Ende P, Chin A, Takes RP, de Bree R, Hoogsteen IJ, Bussink J, Span PN, Kaanders JH. Faaleleia le toe ola-leai se ola i le ARCON mo tagata mamaʻi ua maua i le kanesa laryngeal. Clin Kanesa Res. 2014 Mati 1; 20: 1345-54. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
13. Janssens GO, Rademakers SE, Terhaard CH, Doornaert PA, Bijl HP, van den Ende P, Chin A, Marres HA, de Bree R, van der Kogel AJ, Hoogsteen IJ, Bussink J, Span PN, Kaanders JH. Faatelevaveina radiotherapy ma carbogen ma nikotinamide mo laryngeal kanesa: iʻuga o le vaega III randomized tofotofoga. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Me 20; 30: 1777-83. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
14. Fabbrocini G, Cantelli M, Monfrecola G. Autu o le nikotinamide mo seborrheic dermatitis: o se avanoa faʻavasega suesuega. J Dermatolog Togafitiga. 2014 Iuni; 25: 241-5. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
15. Eustace A, Irlam JJ, Taylor J, Denley H, Agrawal S, Choudhury A, Ryder D, Ord JJ, Harris AL, Rojas AM, Hoskin PJ, West CM. Ua valoia e Necrosis le penefiti mai le hypoxia-modifying therapy i tagata mamaʻi ua maua i le kanesa tele i le kanesa o le susu i totonu o le vaega III o le faamasinoga. Radiother Oncol. 2013 Iulai; 108: 40-7. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
16. Amengual JE, Clark-Garvey S, Kalac M, Scotto L, Marchi E, Neylon E, Johannet P, Wei Y, Zain J, O'Connor OA. Sirtuin ma pan-vasega I / II deacetylase (DAC) taofiofia e synergistic i preclinical faʻataʻitaʻiga ma falemaʻi suʻesuʻega o le lymphoma. Toto. 2013 Sep 19; 122: 2104-13. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
17. Shalita AR, Falcon R, Olansky A, Iannotta P, Akhavan A, Day D, Janiga A, Singri P, Kallal JE. Faʻafuaseʻi fuafua fuafua fuafua ma se talafou fualaʻau meaʻai supa faaopoopo. J Vailaau Dermatol. 2012; 11: 1428-33. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
18. Falsini, B., Piccardi, M., Iarossi, G., Fadda, A., Merendino, E., ma Valentini, P. Aafiaga o se taimi puʻupuʻu faʻaopoopo faʻamalosiʻau i le macular function i le maculopathy e fesoʻotaʻi ma tausaga: o se pailate suʻesuʻe aofia ai iloiloga electrophysiologic. Ophthalmology 2003; 110: 51-60. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
19. Elliott RB, Pilcher CC, Stewart A, Fergusson D, McGregor MA. O le faʻaaogaina o le nikotinamide i le puipuia o ituaiga 1 suka. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993; 696: 333-41. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
20. Rottembourg JB, Launay-Vacher V, Massard J. Thrombocytopenia faatosinaina e le nicotinamide i hemodialysis tagata mamaʻi. Fatugao Int. 2005; 68: 2911-2. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
21. Takahashi Y, Tanaka A, Nakamura T, et al. O le Nicotinamide na te taofiofia le hyperphosphatemia i tagata mamaʻi. Fatugao Int. 2004; 65: 1099-104. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
22. Soma Y, Kashima M, Imaizumi A, et al. Aʻafiaga faʻamaluluina o suʻega nicotinamide luga paʻu matutu atopic. Int J Dermatol. 2005; 44: 197-202. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
23. Powell ME, Hill SA, Saunders MI, Hoskin PJ, Chaplin DJ. O le tafe o le toto o le tagata ua faʻateleina e le nikotinamide ma le manavaina o gaʻo. Kanesa Res. 1997; 57: 5261-4. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
24. Hoskin PJ, Rojas AM, Phillips H, Saunders MI. Matuia ma tuai tuai i le togafitia o le alualu i luma o le tino kanesa ma le televave radiotherapy, carbogen, ma le nikotinamide. Kanesa 2005; 103: 2287-97. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
25. Niren NM, Torok HM. O le Faʻaleleia atili o le Nicomide i Suʻesuʻega o taunuʻuga faʻapitoa (NICOS): iʻuga o le 8-vaiaso faʻataʻitaʻiga. Cutis. 2006; 77 (1 Faʻaopopo): 17-28. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
26. Kamal M, Abbasy AJ, Muslemani AA, Bener A. Aʻafiaga o le nicotinamide i faʻatoa mauaʻi ituaiga 1 tamaiti maʻisuka. Acta Pharmacol Agasala. 2006; 27: 724-7. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
27. Olmos PR, Hodgson MI, Maiz A, et al. Na puipuia e le Nicotinamide tali muamua o le inisalini (FPIR) ma puipuia ai faʻamaʻi falemaʻi i aiga muamua o tikeri o le maʻisuka ituaiga-1. Fomaʻi o le maʻisuka. 2006; 71: 320-33. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
28. Gale EA, Bingley PJ, Emmett CL, Collier T; European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial (ENDIT) Vaega. European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial (ENDIT): o le faʻatonutonuina faʻatonutonuina faʻataʻitaʻi o le faʻamalosi tino ao leʻi amataina le ituaiga 1 maʻisuka. Lancet 2004; 363: 925-31. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
29. Cabrera-Rode E, Molina G, Arranz C, Vera M, et al. Aʻafiaga o le tulaga masani nikotinamide i le puipuia o ituaiga 1 maʻisuka i muamua tikeri aiga o tagata ma ituaiga 1 maʻisuka. Taʻutaʻua. 2006; 39: 333-40. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
30. Hakozaki T, Minwalla L, Zhuang J, et al. Ole aʻafiaga ole niacinamide ile faʻaititia ole pigmentation ile vaega ole toto male taofiofi ole melanosome transfer. Br J Dermatol. 2002 Iulai; 147: 20-31. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
31. Bissett DL, Oblong JE, Berge CA. Niacinamide: O le B vaitamini e faʻaleleia le matua o foliga vaaia o paʻu foliga. Dermatol taotoga 2005; 31 (7 Pt 2): 860-5; talanoaga 865. Vaʻaia faʻaopoopo.
32. Jorgensen J. Pellagra atonu e mafua mai i le pyrazinamide: atinaeina i le taimi o chemotherapy tuʻufaʻatasia o le fatafata vaivai. Int J Dermatol 1983; 22: 44-5. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
33. Swash M, Roberts AH. Faʻafouina pellagra-pei encephalopathy ma ethionamide ma cycloserine. Tubercle 1972; 53: 132. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
34. Brooks-Hill RW, Bishop ME, Vellend H. Pellagra-pei o le encephalopathy faafaigataina le tele o fualaau faasaina togafitiga mo le togafitia o pulmonary siama ona o Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (tusi). Am Rev Resp Dis 1985; 131: 476. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
35. Visalli N, Cavallo MG, Signore A, et al. O le tele-ogatotonu faʻasolosolo faʻataʻitaʻia o lua eseʻese tui o le nikotinamide i tagata mamaʻi talu ai nei-onset ituaiga 1 maʻisuka (le IMDIAB VI). Maʻi suka Metab Res Rev 1999; 15: 181-5. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
36. Bourgeois BF, Dodson WE, Ferrendelli JA. Fegalegaleaiga i le va o primidone, carbamazepine, ma le nicotinamide. Neurology 1982; 32: 1122-6. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
37. Papa CM. Niacinamide ma acanthosis nigricans (tusi). Arch Dermatol 1984; 120: 1281. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
38. Taumalulu SL, Boyer JL. Hepatic oona mai lapoʻa tele o vitamini B3 (nikotinamide). N Engl J Med 1973; 289: 1180-2. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
39. McKenney J. Fou vaaiga i le faʻaaogaina o le niacin i le togafitia o faʻamaʻi lipid. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 697-705. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
40. Siitia HDL ma Niacin Faʻaaoga. Tusi a le Fale Talavai / Tusi Faʻapitoa a le Faʻalauiloa 2004; 20: 200504.
41. Hoskin PJ, Stratford MR, Saunders MI, et al. Faʻatonutonuina o le nicotinamide i le taimi o le siata: vailaʻau oona, faʻateleina o fualaʻau, ma vailaʻau oona. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995; 32: 1111-9. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
42. Fatigante L, Ducci F, Cartei F, et al. Carbogen ma le nikotinamide tuʻufaʻatasia ma le le masani ai radiotherapy i glioblastoma multiforme: o se fou togafitiga masani. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997; 37: 499-504. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
43. Miralbell R, Mornex F, Greiner R, et al. Faatelevaveina radiotherapy, carbogen, ma nikotinamide i glioblastoma multiforme: lipoti a le European Organisation mo Suesuega ma Togafitiga o Kanesa tofotofoga 22933. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 3143-9. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
44. Anon Niacinamide Monograph. Alt Med Rev 2002; 7: 525-9. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
45. Haslam RH, Dalby JT, Rademaker AW. Aʻafiaga o megavitamin togafitiga i tamaiti ma faʻalogo faaletonu le atoatoa. Pediatrics 1984; 74: 103-11 .. Vaʻaia faʻavaʻa.
46. Meaʻai ma Meaʻai paleni, Inisetiute o Faʻafomaʻi. Meaʻai mo le Taumafa Meaʻai mo Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamini B6, Folate, Vitamini B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, ma Choline. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Avanoa i le: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309065542/html/.
47. Shalita AR, Smith JG, Parish LC, et al. Topical nikotinamide faʻatusatusa i le clindamycin gel i le togafitia o mumusu fuafua papala. Int J Dermatol 1995; 34: 434-7. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
48. McCarty MF, Russell AL. Niacinamide togafitiga mo osteoarthritis - e taofia le nitric oxide synthase faʻatonutonuina e interleukin 1 i chondrocytes? Med Hypotheses 1999; 53: 350-60. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
49. Jonas WB, Rapoza CP, Blair WF. Le aʻafiaga ole niacinamide ile osteoarthritis: o se pailate suʻesuʻe. Inflamm Res 1996; 45: 330-4. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
50. Polo V, Saibene A, Pontiroli AE. O le Nicotinamide e faʻaleleia atili ai le tuiina o le inisalini ma le faʻatonutonuina o metabolic i tagata mamaʻi ituaiga 2 o loʻo maua i le maʻisuka ma lona tulaga lua i le sulphonylureas. Acta Diabetol 1998; 35: 61-4. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
51. Greenbaum CJ, Kahn SE, Palmer JP. Nicotinamide's effects i luga ole kulukose suka i mataupu e ono lamatia mo le IDDM. Maʻi suka 1996; 45: 1631-4. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
52. Pozzilli P, Browne PD, Kolb H. Meta-suʻesuʻega o togafitiga o le nikotinamide i tagata mamaʻi e leʻi leva ona amata le IDDM. Le Nicotinamide Trialists. Maʻi suka i le 1996; 19: 1357-63. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
53. Pozzilli P, Visalli N, Signore A, et al. Faʻalua tauaso faʻataʻitaʻiga o le nikotinamide i le lata mai-amata IDDM (le IMDIAB III suʻesuʻega). Diabetologia 1995; 38: 848-52. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
54. Visalli N, Cavallo MG, Signore A, et al. O le tele-ogatotonu faʻasolosolo faʻataʻitaʻia o lua eseʻese tui o le nikotinamide i tagata mamaʻi talu ai nei-onset ituaiga 1 maʻisuka (le IMDIAB VI). Maʻi suka Metab Res Rev 1999; 15: 181-5. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
55. Pozzilli P, Visalli N, Cavallo MG, et al. Vitamini E ma le nikotinamide ei ai faʻataʻitaʻiga aafiaga i le tausia o totoe beta sela gaioiga i le talu ai nei amataina inisalini-faʻalagolago suka. Eur J Endocrinol 1997; 137: 234-9. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
56. Lampeter EF, Klinghammer A, Scherbaum WA, et al. Le Suʻesuʻega a le Deutsche Nicotinamide Intervention: o se taumafaiga e puipuia le maʻisuka ituaiga 1. Vaega DENIS Maʻi suka 1998; 47: 980-4. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
57. Elliott RB, Pilcher CC, Fergusson DM, Stewart AW. O le faitau aofaʻi o tagata e faʻatumauina le puipuia o le maʻisuka faʻalagolago i le maʻisuka ole faʻaaogaina o le nikotinamide J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 1996; 9: 501-9. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
58. Gale EA. Teori ma faʻataʻitaʻiga o suʻesuʻega ole nicotinamide ile muamua-ituaiga 1 maʻisuka. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 1996; 9: 375-9. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
59. Kolb H, Burkart V. Nicotinamide i le ituaiga 1 maʻisuka. Faiga o gaioiga toe iloiloina. Maʻi suka ile 1999; 22: B16-20. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
60. American Sosaiete o Soifua Maloloina-System Fale Talavai. ASHP Therapeutic Position Statement i luga o le saogalemu o le faʻaaogaina o le niacin i le puleaina o le dyslipidemias. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1997; 54: 2815-9. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
61. Garg A, Grundy SM. Nicotinic acid o se togafitiga mo le dyslipidemia i le le-insulin-depend diabetes mellitus. JAMA 1990; 264: 723-6. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
62. Crouse JR III. Fou atinae i le faaaogaina o niacin mo togafitiga o hyperlipidemia: fou manatu i le faaaogaina o se tuai vailaʻau. Coron Artery Dis 1996; 7: 321-6. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
63. Brenner A. O aʻafiaga o megadoses o le filifilia o vailaʻau faigata B i tamaiti e iai hyperkinesis: o loʻo pulea lelei suʻesuʻega ma le tulitatao umi. J Aʻoaʻo Disabil 1982; 15: 258-64. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
64. Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Meaʻai faʻatatau ile taumafa: O le faʻavae fou mo fautuaga mo kalasiuma ma isi mea aoga, meaʻai ole B, ma le choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998; 98: 699-706. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
65. Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Po nei Mea Taumafa i le Soifua Maloloina ma Faamaʻi. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
66. Harvengt C, Desager JP. HDL-cholesterol faʻateleina i le normolipaemic mataupu i luga o khellin: o se pailate suʻesuʻega. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1983; 3: 363-6. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
67. Hardman JG, Limbird LL, Molinoff PB, eds. Goodman ma Gillman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. Niu Ioka, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996.
68. McEvoy GK, faʻataunuʻu. AHFS Faʻamatalaga o Vailaʻau. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
69. Blumenthal M, ed. Le Atoa Siamani Komisi E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.

Toe iloiloga - 10/05/2020