Tusitala: Gregory Harris
Aso O Foafoaga: 14 Apelila 2021
Faafouga Aso: 1 Iuli 2024
Anonim
Oil Palm Expansion Risks Environment, Harms Communities
Ata: Oil Palm Expansion Risks Environment, Harms Communities

Anotusi

Pama suauʻu e maua mai le fua o le suauʻu pama.

O le suauʻu pama e faʻaaoga mo le puipuia ma le togafitia o le vaitamini A le lava. O isi faʻaoga e aofia ai le kanesa ma le toto maualuga, ae e leai se faʻamaoniga saienisi lelei e lagolagoina ai nei faʻaoga.

Aʻo meaʻai, e faʻaaogaina le suauʻu pama mo le falai. O se elemeni foi i le tele o meaʻai gaosi. O loʻo faʻaaogaina foʻi le suauʻu pama e gaosia ai mea teuteu, fasimoli, mea fulunifo, solo, ma vaitusi.

Natura Faʻafomaʻi Maea Faʻamatalaga fua faatatau aoga faʻavae i luga o faʻasaienitisi faʻamaoniga e tusa ma le fua faʻatatau lenei: Aoga, Masalo Lelei Lelei, E Lelei Lelei, Masalo Lelei Lelei, Masalo Lelei, Le Lelei, ma Le lava Faʻamaoniga e Fuafua ai.

Le aoga togi mo Suauʻu Pama e faapea:

Masalo aoga mo ...

  • Vitamini A le lava. Ua faʻaalia mai i suʻesuʻega le faʻaopopoina o mumu suauʻu pama i meaʻai a tina maʻitaga ma tamaiti i atunuʻu atiaʻe e faʻaititia ai le avanoa e laititi ai le vaitamini A. E foliga mai e fesoasoani e faʻateleina ai le vaitamini A i latou e laʻititi. E foliga mai e aoga tele le suauʻu paʻu mumu e pei o le inuina o le vailaʻau A e faʻaopopo mo le puipuia poʻo le togafitia o le maualalo o le vaitamini A. O metotia e tusa ma le 8 kalama pe laʻititi ifo ile aso e foliga mai e sili ona aoga. Maualuga tui foliga mai e le sili atu penefiti.

Le lava molimau e fuaina aoga mo ...

  • Malaria. O suʻesuʻega muamua e taʻu mai ai o le 'ai o le suauʻu pama i meaʻai e foliga mai e le faaitiitia ai auga o le malaria i tamaiti i lalo o le 5 tausaga le matutua i atunuu atiaʻe.
  • Kanesa.
  • Oona oona.
  • O faʻamaʻi, pei o le Alzheimer disease, e faʻalavelave i mafaufauga (le mafaufau).
  • Faʻaʻaʻa o alatoto (atherosclerosis).
  • Maʻi fatu.
  • Toto maualuga.
  • Kolisi maualuga.
  • Puta tele.
  • Isi tulaga.
E tele faʻamaoniga e manaʻomia e fua ai le aoga o le suauʻu pama mo nei aoga.

O le suauʻu pama o loʻo iai gaʻo lololo ma faʻamalieina. O nisi ituaiga o suauʻu pama e aofia ai le vaitamini E ma le beta-carotene. O nei ituaiga o niu laʻau ono i ai ni aafiaga o le antioxidant.

A ave e le gutu: O le suauʻu pama o le MAFAI ONA SAFIA pe a ave i aofaʻi maua i meaʻai. Ae o le suauʻu pama o loʻo i ai le ituaiga gaʻo e mafai ona faʻateleina ai le maualuga o le toto. Ma tagata e tatau ona aloese mai le 'ai niu suauʻu i sili atu. Paʻu suauʻu o MAFAI ONA SAFIA pe a faʻaaogaina o se vailaʻau, taimi puʻupuʻu. Ole 9-12 kalama i aso uma e oʻo atu ile 6 masina e foliga mai e sefe.

Lapataiga faʻapitoa & lapataʻiga:

Maitaga ma susu-fafagaina: Paʻu suauʻu o MAFAI ONA SAFIA ina ua ave e avea o se vailaʻau i le mulimuli 3 masina o maitaga. E le lava faʻamatalaga faʻatuatuaina e iloa ai pe a fai o le suauʻu pama e sefe e faʻaaoga e avea ma vailaʻau pe a susu-susu. Tumau i le itu saogalemu ma pipiʻi i aofaʻi o meaʻai.

Tamaiti: Paʻu suauʻu o MAFAI ONA SAFIA a ave e le gutu o se vailaʻau. Paʻu suauʻu na faʻaaogaina e oʻo atu i le 6 masina i tamaiti i lalo o le 5 tausaga le matutua ma e oʻo atu i le 12 masina i tamaiti 5 tausaga le matutua ma sili atu.

Kolisi maualuga: Pama suauʻu aofia ai se ituaiga o gaʻo e mafai ona faʻateleina ai le maualuga o le kolesterol. O le 'ai i taimi uma i meaʻai o loʻo iai le suauʻu pama e mafai ona faʻateleina ai le "leaga" o le lipoprotein cholesterol e maualalo le maualuga. Atonu o se faʻafitauli lenei mo tagata ua iai le toto maualuga.

Feololo
Faʻaeteete i lenei tuʻufaʻatasiga.
Vailaau e faʻagesegese le faʻaputuputu o le toto (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet vailaʻau)
Paʻu suauʻu ono faʻateleina toto toto. O le aveina o le suauʻu pama ma vailaʻau e tuai ai le tui ona ono faaitiitia ai le aoga o nei vailaʻau.

O vailaʻau e faʻatelegese ai le tui ole toto e iai le aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam, ma isi), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, isi), naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, ma isi), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox) heparin, warfarin (Coumadin), ma isi.
Beta-carotene
Pama suauʻu aofia ai beta-carotene. E i ai le popolega o le avea o beta-carotene faʻaopoopoga faʻatasi ai ma le suauʻu pama e ono mafua ai le tele beta-carotene ma le faʻateleina o aʻafiaga o aʻafiaga leaga.
Vitamini A
Pama suauʻu aofia beta-carotene, o se fausia poloka o vaitamini A. E i ai ni popolega o le avea o le vaitamini A poʻo le beta-carotene faʻaopoopoga faʻatasi ai ma le suauʻu pama e ono mafua ai le tele vitamini A ma le faʻateleina lamatiaga o faʻaleagaina aʻafiaga itu.
E leai ni fesoʻotaʻiga iloa ma meaʻai.
O vailaʻau nei sa suʻesuʻeina i suʻesuʻega faasaienisi.

MATUTUA

E LE SAU:
  • Vitamini A le lava: E tusa ma le 7-12 kalama o le suauʻu pama i aso uma na faʻaaoga i ni suʻesuʻega. O ni faʻamaoniga ua faʻaalia ai o le 8 kalama o le suauʻu pama mumu pe itiiti ifo i le aso e sili ona aoga.
FANAU

E LE SAU:
  • Vitamini A le lava: E oʻo atu i le 6 kalama o le suauʻu pama i le aso i tamaiti 5 tausaga ma lalo ifo, ma e oʻo atu i le 9 kalama i le aso i tamaiti e ova atu ma le 5 tausaga le matutua, na faʻaaogaina e oʻo i le 6 masina. Faʻapea foi, 14 kalama o le mumu pama suauʻu tolu taimi i le vaiaso mo tusa 9 vaiaso na faʻaaogaina. O ni faʻamaoniga ua faʻaalia ai o le 8 kalama o le suauʻu pama mumu pe itiiti ifo i le aso e sili ona aoga.
Aceite de Palma, Aferika Paʻu Suauʻu, Crude Pama Suauʻu, Elaeis guineensis, Elaeis melanococca, Elaeis oleifera, Huile de Palme, Huile de Palme Brute, Huile de Palme Rouge, Huile de Palmiste, Suauʻu Paʻu Laʻau, Pama, Pama Paʻu Suauʻu, Pama Suauʻu Kernel, Pama Paʻu Carotene, Palmier à Huile, Red Palm Oil, Virgin Palm Suauʻu.

Ina ia aoao atili e uiga i le auala na tusia ai lenei tusitusiga, faʻamolemole vaʻai i le Natura Faʻafomaʻi Maea Faʻamatalaga metotia


  1. Singh I, Nair RS, Gan S, Cheong V, Morris A. O se iloiloga o suauʻu palama (CPO) ma tocotrienol mauʻoa vaega (TRF) o le suauʻu pama e avea permeation permeation faʻalauteleina faʻaaogaina atoa-mafiafia paʻu tagata. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 24: 448-54. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  2. Bronsky J, Campoy C, Embleton N, et al. Pama suauʻu ma beta-palmitate i fua pepe: o le tulaga pepa e le Europa Sosaiete mo Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, ma Nutrise (ESPGHAN) Komiti i Meaʻai. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 68: 742-60. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  3. Loganathan R, Vethakkan SR, Radhakrishnan AK, Razak GA, Kim-Tiu T. Red palm olein supplementation on cytokines, endothelial function and lipid profile in centrally overweight tagata: o se randomized pulea faamasinoga. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 73: 609-16. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  4. Wang F, Zhao D, Yang Y, Zhang L. Aafiaga o le suauʻu pama i luga o le plasma lipid concentrations e faʻatatau i le fatu fatu: o se faʻavasega iloiloga ma meta-auiliiliga. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2019; 28: 495-506. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  5. Voon PT, Lee ST, Ng TKW, et al. Faʻaaogaina o le olein ma le lipid tulaga i soifua maloloina tagata matutua: a meta-auiliiliga. Adv Nutr 2019; 10: 647-59. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  6. Dong S, Xia H, Wang F, Sun G. O le Aʻafiaga o le Paʻu Paʻu Paʻu ile Vitamini A Le lava: O le Meta-Suʻesuʻega o Faʻataʻitaʻiga Faʻataʻitaʻiina Faʻataʻitaʻiga. Meaʻai. 2017; 9. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  7. Beshel FN, Antai AB, Osim EE. O le faʻaaluina faʻasolosolo o meaʻai e tolu o le gaʻo o le palama, e suia ai le fua o le filiga o le glomerular ma le tafe o le toto renal. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2014; 33: 251-6. faia: 10.4149 / gpb_2013069. Epub 2013 Oketopa 31.
  8. Chen BK, Seligman B, Farquhar JW, Goldhaber-Fiebert JD. Ole tele-Atunuʻu suʻesuʻega ole palama suauʻu taumafaina ma faʻamaʻi ole fatu fatu oti mo atunuʻu ile eseʻese laʻasaga ole tamaoaiga atinae: 1980-1997. Soifua Maloloina i le Lalolagi 2011; 7:45. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  9. Sun Y, Neelakantan N, Wu Y, et al. O le faʻaaogaina o le suauʻu palama e faʻateleina ai le LDL cholesterol pe a faʻatusatusa i le gaʻo o fualaʻau ma laʻau maualalo i le lololo gaʻo i le meta-suʻesuʻega o togafitiga faʻafomaʻi. J Nutr 2015; 145: 1549-58. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  10. Akanda MJ, Sarker MZ, Ferdosh S, et al. Talosaga o le suavai supercritical suavai (SFE) o pama ma le suauʻu mai mea masani. Molecules 2012; 17: 1764-94. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  11. Lucci P, Borrero M, Ruiz A, et al. Paʻu suauʻu ma faamai o le fatu: o se faʻataʻitaʻiga le faʻataʻitaʻia o aʻafiaga o le suauʻu pama paʻu o loʻo totoina i luga o tagata lipid lipid mamanu. Meaʻai faʻaalu 2016; 7: 347-54. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  12. Fattore E, Bosetti C, Brighenti F, et al. Paʻu suauʻu ma le toto lipid-fesoʻotaʻi faʻailoga o le fatu fatu faʻamaʻi: o se faʻavasega lelei iloiloga ma meta-auiliiliina o meaʻai faʻatino tofotofoga. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99: 1331-50. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  13. Pletcher, J. Faʻalavelaveina lautele i maketi o faʻatoʻaga i Malaysia: araisa ma le suauʻu pama. Modern Studies Asia 1990; 24: 323-340.
  14. Hinds, E. A. Malo faiga faʻavae ma le Nigeria popo suauʻu alamanuia auina atu i fafo, 1939-49. Tusi o Talafaʻasolopito o Aferika 1997; 38: 459-478.
  15. Lynn, M. O le aoga o le amataga o le Seneturi sefuluiva seneturi suauʻu fefaatauaiga. Talaʻaga o le Tamaoaiga a Aferika 1992; 20: 77-97.
  16. Khosla, P. ma Hayes, K. C. Pa
  17. Sundram, K., Hayes, K. C., ma Siru, O. H. O meaʻai uma 18: 2 ma le 16: 0 atonu e manaʻomia e faʻaleleia le serum LDL / HDL cholesterol ratio i tama tane masani. Tusi o le Nutritional Biochemistry 1995; 6: 179-187.
  18. Melo, M. D. ma Mancini, J. Natura antioxidants mai laʻau fua (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq). Revista de Farmacia e Bioquimica da Universidade de Sao Paulo (Brazil) 1989; 258: 147-157.
  19. Kooyenga, D. K., Geller, M., Watkins, T. R., Gapor, A., Diakoumakis, E., ma Bierenbaum, M. L. Pama suauu antioxidant aafiaga i tagata mamaʻi ma hyperlipidaemia ma carotid stenosis-2 tausaga aafiaga. Asia Pac.J Clin.Nutr. 1997; 6: 72-75.
  20. Oluba, O. M., Onyeneke, C. E., Ojien, G. C., Eidangbe, G. O., ma Orole, R. T. Aafiaga o le suauʻu pama i le lipid peroxidation ma le glutathione peroxidase gaioiga i isumu fafagaina kolesterol. Le Initaneti Tusi Faʻapitoa mo Suʻesuʻega o le Cardiovascular 2009; 6
  21. Heber, D., Ashley, J. M., Solares, M. E., ma Wang, J. H. O aʻafiaga o le palama-suauʻu na faʻatamaoaigaina meaʻai i plasma lipids ma lipoproteins i tama talavou maloloina. Suesuega paleni 1992; 12 (Faʻaopopo 1): S53-S59.
  22. Mutalib, MSA, Wahle, KWJ, Duthie, GG, Whiting, P., Peace, H., ma Jenkinson, A. Tagata Suʻesuʻega-O le Aʻafiaga o Meaʻai Taumafa Pama, Hydrogenated Rape ma Soya Suauʻu i luga o faʻamatalaga o le Coronary Heart Disease Risk i Soifua Maloloina Sikotilani volenitia. Suesuega o Mea Taumafa 1999; 19: 335.
  23. Narasinga Rao, B. S. Faʻaogaina gofie o le suauʻu pama i le teteʻeina o le vaitamini A le lava i Initia. Meaʻai & Meaʻai paleni 2000, 21: 202-211.
  24. van Stuijvenberg, M. E. ma Benade, A. J. S. Aferika i Saute aʻafia i le faʻaaogaina o le mumu moli e faʻaleleia atili ai le vaitamini A tulaga o tamaiti aʻoga tulaga muamua. Meaʻai & Meaʻai paleni 2000, 21: 212-221.
  25. Anderson, J. T., Grande, F., ma Keys, A. Tutoʻatasi o aʻafiaga o le cholesterol ma le tikeri o le faʻatumuina o gaʻo i meaʻai i le serum cholesterol i le tagata. Am J Clin Nutr 1976; 29: 1184-1189. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  26. Solomons, N. W. Laʻau totoina o vaitamini A ma meaʻai a le tagata: o le suauʻu niu mumu na faia le galuega. Nutr.Rev 1998; 56: 309-311. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  27. Muller, H., Jordal, O., Kierulf, P., Kirkhus, B., ma Pedersen, J. I. Suiga o se vaega o le suauʻu soybean hydrogenated e ala i le suauʻu pama i le margarine e aunoa ma ni aafiaga le lelei i serum lipoproteins. Lipids 1998; 33: 879-887. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  28. Gouado, I., Mbiapo, T. F., Moundipa, F. P., ma Teugwa, M. C. Vitamini A ma tulaga E o nisi o nuu maotua i le itu i matu o Cameroon. Int J Vitam.Nutr Res 1998; 68: 21-25. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  29. Manorama, R., Brahmam, G. N., ma Rukmini, C. Red palm oil o se punavai o beta-carotene mo le teteeina o le vaitamini A le lava. Meaʻai Toto Hum. Nutr. 1996; 49: 75-82. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  30. Zhang, J., Ping, W., Chunrong, W., Shou, C. X., ma Keyou, G. Nonhypercholesterolemia aafiaga o le taumafaina o le suauʻu pama i tagata matutua Saina. J Nutr. 1997; 127: 509S-513S. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  31. Cater, N. B., Heller, H. J., ma Denke, M. A. Faʻatusatusaga o aʻafiaga o le medium-chain triacylglycerols, palm oil, ma le maualuga oleic acid sunflower oil i luga ole plasma triacylglycerol fatty acid ma le lipid ma le lipoprotein faʻasologa i tagata. Am.J Clin.Nutr. 1997; 65: 41-45. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  32. de Bosch, N. B., Bosch, V., ma Apitz, R. Meaʻai lololo meaʻai i le athero-thrombogenesis: aʻafiaga o le taumafaina o le suauʻu pama. Haemostasis 1996; 26 Faʻaopopo 4: 46-54. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  33. Enas, E. A. Suauʻu kuka, kolesterol ma le CAD: mea moni ma tala faʻafagogo. Initia Heart J 1996; 48: 423-427. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  34. Zock, P. L., Gerritsen, J., ma Katan, M. B. Vaega faʻasao o le sn-2 tulaga o meaʻai triglycerides i le anapogi plasma lipids i tagata. Eur J Clin Inivesi 1996; 26: 141-150. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  35. Zock, P. L., de Vries, J. H., ma Katan, M. B. Aafiaga o le myristic acid faasaga i le palmitic acid i luga o serum lipid ma lipoprotein tulaga i fafine maloloina ma alii. Arterioscler.Thromb. 1994; 14: 567-575. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  36. Sundram, K., Hayes, K. C., ma Siru, O. H. Diitary palmitic acid e mafua ai le maualalo o le kolisi serum nai lo le tuufaatasiga o le lauric-myristic acid i tagata masani. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 59: 841-846. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  37. Tholstrup, T., Marckmann, P., Jespersen, J., Vessby, B., Jart, A., ma Sandstrom, B. Aafiaga i le toto lipids, coagulation, ma le fibrinolysis o se gaʻoa maualuga i myristic acid ma le maualuga gaʻo i palmitic acid. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 60: 919-925. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  38. Grange, A. O., Santosham, M., Ayodele, A. K., Lesi, F. E., Stallings, R. Y., ma Brown, K. H. Iloiloina o le lapisi-cowpea-pama suauʻu taumafataga mo le puleaina o taumafataga o tamaiti Nigeria ma le ogaoga, vai vai. Acta Paediatr. 1994; 83: 825-832. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  39. Pronczuk, A., Khosla, P., ma Hayes, K. C. Meaʻai myristic, palmitic, ma linoleic acid faʻataʻitaʻia le cholesterolemia i gerbils. FASEB J 1994; 8: 1191-1200. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  40. Schwab, U. S., Niskanen, L. K., Maliranta, H. M., Savolainen, M. J., Kesaniemi, Y. A., ma Uusitupa, M. I. Lauric ma palmitic acid-enriched taumafaina e i ai sina aafiaga tele i serum lipid ma lipoprotein concentrations ma glucose metabolism i maloloina tamaitai talavou. J Nutr 1995; 125: 466-473. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  41. Wardlaw, GM, Snook, JT, Park, S., Patel, PK, Pendley, FC, Lee, MS, ma Jandacek, RJ Faʻatupu aafiaga i serum lipids ma apolipoproteins o se caprenin-rich diet pe a faʻatusatusa i taumafataga mauoa i le suauʻu pama / alofilima poʻo le pata. Am.J Clin.Nutr. 1995; 61: 535-542. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  42. Zock, P. L., de Vries, J. H., de Fouw, N. J., ma Katan, M. B. Tulaga tufatufaina o gaʻo gaʻo i meaʻai triglycerides: aʻafiaga i le anapogi toto lipoprotein faʻasalaga i tagata. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61: 48-55. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  43. Lai, H. C. ma Ney, D. M. O le suauʻu sana, suauʻu pama ma pata pata o loʻo afaina ai le postprandial lipemia ma le lipoprotein lipase i isumu na fafagaina. J Nutr 1995; 125: 1536-1545. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  44. Dougherty, R. M., Allman, M. A., ma Iacono, J. M. Aafiaga o taumafataga o loʻo iai le maualuga poʻo le maualalo o le aofaʻi o le stearic acid i luga o vaega ninii o le lipoprotein plasma ma le fecal fatty acid excretion o aliʻi. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61: 1120-1128. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  45. Choudhury, N., Tan, L., ma Truswell, A. S. Faʻatusatusaga o le palmolein ma le suauʻu olive: aʻafiaga i plasma lipids ma vitamini E i talavou matutua. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61: 1043-1051. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  46. Nestel, P. J., Noakes, M., Belling, G. B., McArthur, R., ma Clifton, P. M. Aafiaga i luga o le lipid plasma o le fiafia i le fefiloi o suauʻu taumafa. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 62: 950-955. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  47. Binns, C. W., Pust, R. E., ma Weinhold, D. W. Pama suauʻu: o se pailate suʻesuʻega o lona faʻaaogaina i se polokalame fesoasoani mo meaʻai. J Trop.Pediatr. 1984; 30: 272-274. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  48. Stack, K. M., Churchwell, M. A., ma Skinner, R. B., Jr. Xanthoderma: lipoti o mataupu ma eseesega faʻamaoniga. Cutis 1988; 41: 100-102. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  49. Khosla, P. ma Hayes, K. C. Meaʻai lololo meaʻai i rhesus manuki aafia ai faʻaletino LDL e ala i le faʻataʻitaʻia o le tutoatasi gaosia o LDL apolipoprotein B. Biochim.Biophys.Acta 4-24-1991; 1083: 46-56. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  50. Cottrell, R. C. Folasaga: itu paleni o le suauʻu pama. Am.J Clin.Nutr. 1991; 53 (4 Faʻaopoopoga): 989S-1009S. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  51. Ng, T. K., Hassan, K., Lim, J. B., Lye, M. S., ma Ishak, R. Nonhypercholesterolemic aafiaga o le palama-suauu taumafataga i Malaysia volenitia. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53 (4 Suppl): 1015S-1020S. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  52. Adam, S. K., Das, S., ma Jaarin, K. O se auiliiliga microscopic suesuega o le suiga i le aorta o faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻataʻitaʻi o postmenopausal iole fafagaina ma faʻateleina vevela paʻu suauʻu. Int J Exp.Pathol. 2009; 90: 321-327. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  53. Utarwuthipong, T., Komindr, S., Pakpeankitvatana, V., Songchitsomboon, S., ma Thongmuang, N. Laʻititi maualalo maualalo-maualuga lipoprotein faʻamalosia ma oxidative susceptibility suiga ina ua maeʻa taumafaina o le soybean suauʻu, araisa bran suauʻu, palm oil ma palu araisa bran / palm oil i hypercholesterolaemic fafine. J Int Med Res 2009; 37: 96-104. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  54. Ladeia, A. M., Costa-Matos, E., Barata-Passos, R., ma Costa, Guimaraes A. O le taumafataga o le suauʻu-pama e ono faʻaititia ai le lipid lipid i tagata soifua maloloina. Meaʻai paleni 2008; 24: 11-15. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  55. Berry, S. E., Woodward, R., Yeoh, C., Miller, G. J., ma Sanders, T. A. Aafiaga o le faʻailoaina o le palmitic acid-rich triacylglycerol i luga o lipid postprandial ma vaega VII tali. Lipids 2007; 42: 315-323. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  56. Khosla, P. ma Hayes, KC Faʻatusatusaga i le va o aʻafiaga o meaʻai na faʻatumuina (16: 0), monounsaturated (18: 1), ma polyunsaturated (18: 2) fatty acid i luga o le plasma lipoprotein metabolism i cebus ma rhesus manuki fafagaina kolone-leai taumafataga Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 55: 51-62. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  57. Zeba, A. N., Martin, Prevel Y., Some, I. T., ma Delisle, H. F. O le lelei aʻafiaga o le suauʻu paʻu mumu i meaʻai a le aʻoga i le tulaga o le vaitamini A: suʻesuʻe i Burkina Faso. Nutr J 2006; 5:17. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  58. Vega-Lopez, S., Ausman, L. M., Jalbert, S. M., Erkkila, A. T., ma Lichtenstein, A. H. Palm ma sina vaega o suauʻu soybean soya faʻafuaseʻi suia lipoprotein tala faʻatusatusa faʻatusatusa i le soybean ma canola suauʻu i feololo hyperlipidemic mataupu. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84: 54-62. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  59. Lietz, G., Mulokozi, G., Henry, J. C., ma Tomkins, A. M. Xanthophyll ma hydrocarbon carotenoid mamanu eseʻese i le plasma ma susu susu o fafine faʻaopopoina ma mumu suauʻu taimi o maʻitaga ma lactation. J Nutr 2006; 136: 1821-1827. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  60. Pedersen, J. I., Muller, H., Seljeflot, I., ma Kirkhus, B. Palm oil versus hydrogenated soybean oil: aafiaga i lipine serum ma plasma haemostatic fesuiaiga. Asia Pac.J Clin Nutr 2005; 14: 348-357. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  61. Ng, TK, Hayes, KC, DeWitt, GF, Jegathesan, M., Satgunasingam, N., Ong, AS, ma Tan, D. Meaʻai palmitic ma oleic acid faʻaosoina tutusa tali tutusa i le serum kolesterol ma lipoprotein talafaʻasolopito i normocholesterolemia aliʻi ma fafine . J Am Coll.Nutr 1992; 11: 383-390. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  62. Sundram, K., Hornstra, G., von Houwelingen, A. C., ma Kester, A. D. Suiga o gaʻo o meaʻai ma le suauʻu pama: aafiaga i lipine serum a tagata, lipoproteins ma apolipoproteins. Br.J Nutr. 1992; 68: 677-692. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  63. Elson, C. E. Tropical suauʻu: meaʻai ma mea faʻasaienisi. Crit Rev.Food Sci Nutr 1992; 31 (1-2): 79-102. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  64. Bosch, V., Aular, A., Medina, J., Ortiz, N., ma Apitz, R. [Suiga i le plasma lipoproteins ina ua maeʻa le faʻaaogaina o le suauʻu pama i le taumafataga a se vaega o tagata matutua soifua maloloina]. Arch Latinoam.Nutr 2002; 52: 145-150. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  65. Hallebeek, J. M. ma Beynen, A. C. O le maualuga o le plasma o le triacylglycerols i solofanua na fafagaina ni meaʻai e tele gaʻo e aofia ai suauʻu soybean poʻo le suauʻu pama. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2002; 86 (3-4): 111-116. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  66. Montoya, MT, Porres, A., Serrano, S., Fruchart, JC, Mata, P., Gerique, JA, ma Castro, GR Fatty acid faatunuʻuina o meaʻai ma plasma lipid concentrations, lipoprotein fasimea faʻasusu, ma cholesterol efflux gafatia . Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 75: 484-491. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  67. Schlierf, G., Jessel, S., Ohm, J., Heuck, CC, Klose, G., Oster, P., Schellenberg, B., ma Weizel, A. Ogaoga aafiaga o meaʻai i plasma lipids, lipoproteins ma lipolytic enzymes i maloloina tama tane. Eur J Clin Inivesi 1979; 9: 319-325. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  68. Sivan, YS, Jayakumar, YA, Arumughan, C., Sundaresan, A., Balachandran, C., Job, J., Deepa, SS, Shihina, SL, Damodaran, M., Soman, CR, Raman, Kutty, V , ma Sankara, Sarma P. Aʻafiaga o le beta-carotene supplementation ala i le lanumumu. J Trop.Pediatr 2001; 47: 67-72. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  69. Canfield, L. M., Kaminsky, R. G., Taren, D. L., Shaw, E., ma Sander, J. K. Red palm oil i le tina meaai o le tina e faʻateleina ai le provitamin A carotenoids i susu ma susu o le tina-pepe vali. Eur J Nutr 2001; 40: 30-38. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  70. van Stuijvenberg, ME, Faber, M., Dhansay, MA, Lombard, CJ, Vorster, N., ma Benade, AJ Red palm oil o se punavai o beta-carotene i totonu o se aʻoga masi aoga e faʻafetaia ai vitamini A le lava i le aoga tulaga lua. fanau. Int.J.Faʻaaliga Sci.Nutr. 2000; 51 Faʻaopopo: S43-S50. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  71. van Jaarsveld, P. J., Smuts, C. M., Tichelaar, H. Y., Kruger, M., ma Benade, A. J. Aafiaga o le suauʻu pama i luga o le plasma lipoprotein concentrations ma plasma maualalo-density lipoprotein tuufaatasiga i le muamua-tagata primates. Int J Meaʻai Sci Nutr. 2000; 51 Faʻaopopo: S21-S30. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  72. Muller, H., Seljeflot, I., Solvoll, K., ma Pedersen, J. I. O se vaega hydrogenated suauʻu soybean faʻaititia postprandial t-PA gaoioiga faʻatusatusa i le pama suauʻu. Atherosclerosis 2001; 155: 467-476. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  73. Nielsen, N. S., Marckmann, P., ma Hoy, C. Aʻafiaga o le lelei gaʻo o le taumafataga i le faʻasaina o le oxidation o postprandial VLDL ma le LDL vaega ma le plasma triacylglycerol level. Br J Nutr 2000; 84: 855-863. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  74. Cater, N. B. ma Denke, M. A. Behenic acid o se faʻatupuina o le gaʻo i le toto i tagata. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73: 41-44. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  75. Nestel, P. ma Trumbo, P. O le matafaioi a le provitamin A carotenoids i le puipuiga ma le puleaina o le vaitamini A le lava. Arch Latinoam.Nutr 1999; 49 (3 Suppl 1): 26S-33S. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  76. Kritchevsky, D., Tepper, S. A., Chen, S. C., Meijer, G. W., ma Krauss, R. M. Cholesterol taavale i atherosclerosis faataitai. Aʻafiaga o faʻapitoa triglycerides gaosia. Lipids 2000; 35: 621-625. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  77. Jensen, J., Bysted, A., Dawids, S., Hermansen, K., ma Holmer, G. O le aʻafiaga o le suauʻu pama, gaʻo, ma le faʻapipiina o margarine i luga o le lipid postprandial ma tali atu i le normal-weight ma obesity tamaitai talavou. Br.J Nutr. 1999; 82: 469-479. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  78. Ebong, P. E., Owu, D. U., ma Isong, E. U. Aafiaga o le suauʻu pama (Elaesis guineensis) i le soifua maloloina. Meaʻai Toto Hum. Nutr. 1999; 53: 209-222. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  79. Filteau, S. M., Lietz, G., Mulokozi, G., Bilotta, S., Henry, C. J., ma Tomkins, A. M. Milk cytokines ma subclinical fatafata susu i fafine Tanzanian: aafiaga o meaai palu mumu suauʻu po o le sunflower suauʻu faʻaopopo. Immunology 1999; 97: 595-600. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  80. Cantwell, M. M., Flynn, M. A., ma Gibney, M. J. Ogaoga aafiaga postprandial o hydrogenated suauʻu iʻa, suauʻu pama ma le gaʻo i luga o le plasma cholesterol, triacylglycerol ma le esterified fatty acid metabolism i tama tane masani. Br J Nutr 2006; 95: 787-794. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  81. Sivan, YS, Alwin, Jayakumar Y., Arumughan, C., Sundaresan, A., Jayalekshmy, A., Suja, KP, Soban Kumar, DR, Deepa, SS, Damodaran, M., Soman, CR, Raman, Kutty , V, ma Sankara, Sarma P. Aʻafiaga o le vaitamini A faʻaopoopoga e ala i vailaʻau eseese o mumu pama suauʻu ma retinol palmitate i tamaiti aʻoga aʻoga. J.Trop.Pediatr. 2002; 48: 24-28. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  82. van Stuijvenberg, ME, Dhansay, MA, Lombard, CJ, Faber, M., ma Benade, AJ O le aʻafiaga o se masi ma le mumu suauʻu popo o se punavai o beta-carotene i luga o le vaitamini A tulaga o tamaiti aʻoga tulaga muamua: o se faʻatusatusaga ma beta-carotene mai i se mea gaosia i se faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻatonutonuina faʻataʻitaʻiina. Eur.J.Clin.Nutr. 2001; 55: 657-662. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  83. Wilson TA, Nicolosi RJ, Kotyla T, et al. Eseese suʻesuʻega sauniuniga faʻaititia plasma faʻaletoto concentrations ma aortic cholesterol faʻaputuputu faʻatusatusa i le popo suauʻu i hypercholesterolemic hamsters. J Biochem 2005; 16: 633-40. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  84. Bester DJ, van Rooyen J, du Toit EF, et al. E puipuia le suauʻu mumu mai le iʻuga ole faʻamamaina ole oxidative pe a faʻaopopoina i meaʻai e le faʻatauaina. Med Tech SA 2006; 20: 3-10.
  85. Esterhuyse AJ, du Toit EF, Benade AJS, et al. Meaʻai mumu mumu faʻamalieina reperfusion fatu gaioiga i le tuʻusaʻo faʻamalieina rat isumu fatu o manu fafagaina le maualuga kolisi taumafa. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2005; 72: 153-61. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  86. Esterhuyse JS, van Rooyen J, Strijdom H, et al. Faʻatulagaina auala mo mumu laʻau-faʻaosofia cardioprotection i se faʻataʻitaʻiga o hyperlipidemia i le isumu. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006; 75: 375-84. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  87. Oguntibeju OO, Esterhuyse AJ, Truter EJ. Suauʻu mumu mumu: meaʻai, tino ma togafitiga i le faʻaleleia atili o le soifua manuia o tagata ma le lelei o le olaga. Br J Biomed Sci 2009; 66: 216-22. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  88. Tholstrup T, Marckmann P, Jespersen J, Sandstrom B. Fat maualuga i le stearic acid e afaina ai le toto lipids ma le mea e fai ai le coagulant vaega VII i le faʻatusatusa i gaʻo maualuga i le palmitic acid poʻo le maualuga i myristic ma lauric acid. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 59: 371-7. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  89. Denke MA, Grundy SM. Faʻatusatusaga o aʻafiaga o le lauric acid ma le palmitic acid i luga o le lipid plasma ma lipoproteins. Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 56: 895-8. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  90. Olmedilla B, Granado F, Southon S, et al. O le European multicentre, placebo-pulea supplementation study ma le alpha-tocopherol, carotene-rich palm oil, lutein po o le lycopene: auiliiliina o tali a le serum. Clin Sci (Lond) 2002; 102: 447-56. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  91. Ng MH, Choo YM, Ma AN, et al. O le tuueseeseina o vaitamini E (tocopherol, tocotrienol, tocomonoenol) i le suauʻu pama. Lipids 2004; 39: 1031-5. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  92. Soelaiman IN, Ahmad NS, Khalid BA. E sili atu le paluga o le suauʻu tocotrienol nai lo le alpha-tocopherol acetate i le puipuia o ponaivi mai le saolotoga-faʻamalosia o le maualuga o le cytokines o ponaivi. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2004; 13: S111. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  93. Tiahou G, Maire B, Dupuy A, et al. Le lava o le faʻamamafaina o le oxidative i le selenium utiuti eria i Ivory Coast - ono mafai nutritional antioxidant matafaioi o crude palm oil. Eur J Nutr 2004; 43: 367-74. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  94. Agarwal MK, Agarwal ML, Athar M, Gupta S. Tocotrienol-mauʻoa vaega o le suauʻu pama o loʻo faʻagaoioia le p53, suia le Bax / Bcl2 ratio ma faʻamalosia apoptosis tutoʻatasi mai sela taʻamilosaga faʻatasi. Faʻaaogaina o le sela 2004; 3; 205-11. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  95. Nesaretnam K, Ambra R, Selvaduray KR, et al. Tocotrienol-rich vaega mai le alofilima suauʻu ma le gafa faʻaali i sela o le kanesa o le susu tagata. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1031: 143-57. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  96. Nesaretnam K, Ambra R, Selvaduray KR, et al. Tocotrienol-rich vaega mai laʻau suamalie afaina ai le faʻamatalaina o genes i tumors mafua mai MCF-7 sela inoculation i athymic isumu. Lipids 2004; 39: 459-67. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  97. Nafeeza MI, Fauzee AM, Kamsiah J, Gapor MT. Faʻatusatusaga aʻafiaga o se tocotrienol-mauʻoa vaega ma tocopherol i aspirin-faʻaosofia manava manava i isumu. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002; 11: 309-13. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  98. Nesaretnam K, Radhakrishnan A, Selvaduray KR, et al. Aʻafiaga o carotene suauʻu pama i le kanesa o le kanesa tumigenicity i isumu nude. Lipids 2002; 37: 557-60. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  99. Ghosh S, An D, Pulinilkunnil T, et al. Mataalia o meaʻai gaʻo o meaʻai ma le hyperglycemia ogaoga i le fesuiaʻiga o le oti o le sela fatu. Meaʻai paleni 2004; 20: 916-23. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  100. Jaarin K, Gapor MT, Nafeeza MI, Fauzee AM. Aʻafiaga o fualaʻau eseese o le palama vitamini E ma le tocopherol i luga ole aspirin-faʻatupuina manava manava i isumu. Int J Exp Pathol 2002; 83: 295-302. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  101. Esterhuyse AJ, du Toit EF, Benade AJ, van Rooyen J. Suauʻu mumu mumu faʻamalieina reperfusion fatu gaioiga i le tuʻusaʻo faʻamalieina rat rat o manu fafagaina le maualuga suka taumafa. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2005; 72: 153-61. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  102. Narang D, Sood S, Thomas MK, et al. Aʻafiaga o meaʻai palu olein suauʻu ile oxidative stress e fesoʻotaʻi ma ischemic-reperfusion manuʻa i tuʻituʻi rat rat. BMC Pharmacol 2004; 4: 29. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  103. Aguila MB, Sa Silva SP, Pinheiro AR, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Aʻafiaga o taimi uumi faʻaaogaina o suauʻu suauʻu i luga o le toto maualuga ma myocardial ma aortic toefaʻaleleia i iseʻi hypertensive isumu. J Hypertens 2004; 22: 921-9. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  104. Aguila MB, Pinheiro AR, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. O isumu faʻaletotetoto maualuga na tuua le ventricular cardiomyocyte leiloa faʻamalieina e ala i suauʻu 'aina suamalie suauʻu umi faʻaaogaina. Int J Cardiol 2005; 100: 461-6. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  105. Ganafa AA, Socci RR, Eatman D, et al. Aʻafiaga o le suauʻu pama i luga ole oxidative stress-induced hypertension i Sprague-Dawley rats. Am J Hypertens 2002; 15: 725-31. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  106. Sanchez-Muniz FJ, Oubina P, Rodenas S, et al. Papatusi faʻaputuputuina, thromboxane gaosiga ma thrombogenic fua faʻatusatusa i fafine postmenopausal faʻaumatia maualuga oleic acid-sunflower suauʻu poʻo palmolein. Eur J Nutr 2003: 42: 299-306. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  107. Kritchevsky D, Tepper SA, Czarnecki SK, Sundram K. Red palm oil i le atherosclerosis faataitai. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002; 11: S433-7. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  108. Jackson KG, Wolstencroft EJ, Bateman PA, et al. Faʻateleina le tamaoaiga o triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins ma apolipoproteins E ma C-III ina ua maeʻa taumafataga mauoa i saturated fatty acid nai lo le maeʻa o taumafataga mauoa i unsaturated gaʻoa oona. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81: 25-34. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  109. Cooper KA, Adelekan DA, Esimai AO, et al. Le lava le aʻafiaga o mumu mumu suauʻu i le ogaoga o malaria siama i le muaʻi aʻoga tamaiti Nigeria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2002; 96; 216-23. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  110. Clandinin MT, Larsen B, Van Aerde J. Faʻaititia o ponaivi o ponaivi i pepe na fafagaina le pama olein-aofia ai le formula: a randomized, double-blinded, prospective trial. Pediatrics 2004; 114: 899-900. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  111. Lietz G, Henry CJ, Mulokozi G, et al. Faʻatusatusaga o aʻafiaga o le faʻaopoopoga mumu suauʻu pama ma sunflower suauʻu luga tina tina A tulaga. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74: 501-9. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  112. Zagre NM, Delpeuch F, Traissac P, Delisle H. Red palm oil o se puna o vaitamini A mo tina ma fanau: aʻafiaga o se pailate poloketi i Burkina Faso. Public Health Nutr 2003; 6: 733-42. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  113. Radhika MS, Bhaskaram P, Balakrishna N, Ramalakshmi BA. Paʻu paʻu mumu faʻaopoopoga: o se mafai talafeagai-faʻavae auala e faʻaleleia ai le vaitamini A tulaga o fafine maʻitaga ma a latou pepe. Meaʻai Nutr Bull 2003; 24: 208-17. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  114. Scholtz SC, Pieters M, Oosthuizen W, et al. Le aʻafiaga ole mumu ole ole ole pama ma le faʻamaeʻaina ole olein i luga ole lipids male haemostatic mea ile hyperfibrinogenaemic mataupu. Thromb Res 2004; 113: 13-25. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  115. Zhang J, Wang CR, Xue AN, Ge KY. Aʻafiaga o le mumu pama suauʻu luga serum lipids ma plasma carotenoids tulaga i Saina tane matutua. Biomed Environ Sci 2003; 16: 348-54. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  116. Bautista LE, Herran OF, Serrano C. Aʻafiaga o le suauʻu pama ma dietary cholesterol i luga o le lipoproteins o le plasma: o iʻuga mai le faʻataʻitaʻiga o meaʻai i mataupu e ola fua. Eur J Clin Nutr 2001; 55: 748-54. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  117. Solomons NW, Orozco M. Faʻamamaina o le vaitamini A le lava i palama fualaʻau ma ona oloa. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2003; 12: 373-84. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  118. Benade AJ. O se nofoaga mo niu suauʻu fualaʻau e aveʻese ai le le atoatoa vitamini A. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2003; 12: 369-72. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  119. Sundram K, Sambanthamurthi R, Tan YA. Polo fualaʻau kemisi ma meaʻai. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2003; 12: 369-72. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  120. Wattanapenpaiboon N, Wahlqvist MW. Le lava le Phytonutrient: o le nofoaga o fua o le pama. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2003; 12: 363-8. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  121. Atinmo T, Bakre AT. Fua o fualaʻau i tu ma aga masani a Aferika. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2003; 12: 350-4. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  122. Ong AS, Goh SH. Paʻu suauʻu: o se soifua maloloina ma taugata-aoga meaʻai vaega. Meaʻai Nutr Bull 2002; 23; 11-22. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  123. Edem DO. Pama suauʻu: biochemical, physiological, taumafa, hematological, ma vaega oona: o se toe iloiloga. Laʻau Mea Taumafa Hum Nutr 2002; 57: 319-41. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  124. Tomeo AC, Geller M, Watkins TR, et al. Antioxidant aafiaga o tocotrienols i tagata mamaʻi ma hyperlipidemia ma carotid stenosis. Lipids 1995; 30: 1179-83. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
  125. Qureshi AA, Qureshi N, Wright JJ, et al. Tuʻuina i lalo o le serum cholesterol i tagata hypercholesterolemic e tocotrienols (palmvitee). Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 1021S-6S. Vaʻai faʻamatala.
Toe iloiloga - 11/18/2020

Tusitusiga Fou

Faʻaaoga suʻega: o le a le mea ma faʻafefea ona fai
Soifua Maloloina

Faʻaaoga suʻega: o le a le mea ma faʻafefea ona fai

O le uʻega o le urea e o e uʻe uʻega o le fale uʻe uʻe e faʻailoa ai iama e ala i le uʻeina o gaioiga o e enzyme e ono maua pe le mafai foi e iama. Urea e o e enzyme e gafa ma le vaevaeina o le urea i...
Fuafua fale mo le tuputupu aʻe o lauulu
Soifua Maloloina

Fuafua fale mo le tuputupu aʻe o lauulu

O e ili lelei meaʻai mo le lauulu e tupu vave ai o le faʻaaogaina o le jojoba ma le aloe vera i luga o le ulu, a o latou fe oa oani i le faʻafouina o ela ma faʻao ofia ai lauulu e tupu vave ma ili atu...