Tusitala: Joan Hall
Aso O Foafoaga: 6 Fepuari 2021
Faafouga Aso: 21 Novema 2024
Anonim
Hypoparathyroidism | Causes, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment
Ata: Hypoparathyroidism | Causes, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment

Hypoparathyroidism o se faʻaletonu o le parathyroid glands i le ua le maua ai lava le parathyroid hormone (PTH).

O loʻo i ai le 4 tamaʻi gofie parathyroid glands i le ua, tu latalata pe faʻapipiʻi i le pito i tua o le thyroid gland.

O le parathyroid glands fesoasoani e faʻatonutonu le faʻaaogaina o le calcium ma le aveʻesea e le tino. Latou te faia lenei mea e ala i le gaosia o le parathyroid hormone (PTH). O le PTH e fesoasoani e faʻatonutonu le calcium, phosphorus, ma le vitamini D ile toto ma ponaivi.

Hypoparathyroidism e tupu pe a fai o le glands maua laiti PTH. Ua paʻu le maualuga ole suka ile toto, ma ua alu i luga le tulaga ole kulumose.

O le mafuaʻaga sili ona taatele o le hypoparathyroidism o le manua i le parathyroid glands i le taimi o lou taotoga poʻo le ua taotoga. E ono faʻatupuina foi e se tasi o mea nei:

  • Osofaʻiga Autoimmune i le parathyroid glands (masani)
  • Maualuga maualalo tulaga magnesium i le toto (mafai ona faʻafoʻi)
  • Togafitiga iodine mo le hyperthyroidism (seasea)

DiGeorge syndrome o se faʻamaʻi e tupu ai le hypoparathyroidism aua ua toʻesea uma parathyroid glands i le taimi na fanau mai ai. O lenei faʻamaʻi e aofia ai isi faʻafitauli tau soifua maloloina e ese mai i le hypoparathyroidism. E masani ona iloa ile tamaititi.


Famopial hypoparathyroidism e tupu ma isi faʻamaʻi endocrine pei o le le lava o le adrenal i se faʻamaʻi e taʻua o le type I polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PGA I).

Amataina o le faamai e matua lemu ma auga mafai ona agamalu. Tele o tagata na maua ile faʻamaʻi ole hypoparathyroidism na iai faʻailoga ile tele o tausaga a o le i faʻamaonia. Faʻailoga atonu e matua agamalu o le faʻamaoniga e faia pe a maeʻa le suʻesuʻeina o le toto suʻega e faʻaalia ai le maualalo o le calcium.

Faʻailoga mafai ono aofia ai soʻo se tasi o mea nei:

  • O laugutu, tamatamailima ma tamatamaivae (taatele)
  • Maʻi maso (sili ona taatele)
  • Musele faʻamaʻa e taʻua o le tetany (e mafai ona aʻafia ai le larynx, e mafua ai faigata ona manava)
  • Tiga o le manava
  • Fati masani ole fatu
  • Fao gagau
  • Cataract
  • Kalisiu teu i nisi sela
  • Faʻaitiitia le malamalama
  • Lauulu matutu
  • Paʻu mago ma paʻu
  • Tiga i foliga, vae, ma vae
  • Paʻu masina faʻatiga
  • Faoa faamalosi
  • O nifo e le tutupu aʻe i le taimi saʻo, pe i uma
  • Faʻamamaina nifo (i tamaiti)

O le a faia e le tausi soifua maloloina se suʻega o le tino ma fesili e uiga i auga.


O suʻega o le a faia e aofia ai:

  • Suʻega ole toto ile PTH
  • Suʻega ole toto ole kalasiamu
  • Magnesium
  • 24-itula suʻega urine

O isi suʻega e ono okaina e aofia ai:

  • ECG e siaki mo se fatu fatu le masani ai
  • CT scan e siaki ai tuʻuga kalama i le faiʻai

O le faʻamoemoe o togafitiga o le faʻaititia lea o faʻailoga ma toe faʻaleleia le paleni ma le paleni o le minerale i le tino.

Togafitiga aofia ai kalisiu carbonate ma vitamini D faʻaopoopoga. Nei masani lava ona tatau ona ave mo le ola. O fua o le toto e fuaina i taimi uma ina ia mautinoa ai e saʻo le tui. O le maualuga-calcium, maualalo-phosphorous taumafa e fautuaina.

Tui o PTH ono fautuaina mo nisi tagata. E mafai e lau fomaʻi ona taʻu atu ia te oe pe o lenei vailaʻau e talafeagai mo oe.

O tagata o loʻo i ai ni osofaʻiga mataʻutia o le maualalo o le calcium level poʻo le faʻaumiumi o maso maso e tuʻuina iai le calcium e ala ile uaua (IV). O lapataʻiga e faia e puipuia ai le faʻamalosi o le mafaufau poʻo le larynx spasms. O le fatu e mataʻituina mo faʻalavelave masani seʻia tumau le tagata. A faʻatonutonuina le osofaʻiga matautia, ua faʻaauau pea togafitiga ma vailaʻau na ave e le gutu.


O le iʻuga e ono lelei pe a fai e vave ona maua le faʻamaʻi. Ae o suiga i nifo, mataʻu, ma faiʻai faʻavasega e le mafai ona toe faʻafoʻi i tamaiti e le o faʻamaonia hypoparathyroidism i le taimi o atinaʻe.

Hypoparathyroidism i tamaiti e ono taitai atu ai i le le lelei tuputupu ae, le masani ai nifo, ma lemu mafaufau atinae.

O le tele o togafitiga ma le vitamini D ma le calcium e mafai ona afua ai le maualuga ole suka i le toto (hypercalcemia) poʻo le maualuga o le urine urine (hypercalciuria). O le tele o togafitiga atonu e faʻalavelave ai ile fatugao i nisi taimi, pe mafua ai foi ona faaletonu fatugaʻo.

Hypoparathyroidism faʻateleina le lamatiaga o:

  • Addison faʻamaʻi (pe a fai o le mafuaʻaga o le autoimmune)
  • Cataract
  • Faʻamaʻi Parkinson
  • Anemia leaga (pe a fai o le mafuaʻaga o le autoimmune)

Valaʻau lau tautua pe a fai e te maua se faʻailoga o le hypoparathyroidism.

O faʻalavelave faʻafuasei poʻo faʻafitauli tau manava o se faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi. Valaau le 911 poʻo le faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi ile nofoaga nei.

Parathyroid-fesoʻotaʻi hypocalcemia

  • Laʻau Endocrine
  • Malalafua parathyroid

Clarke BL, Brown EM, Collins MT, et al. Epidemiology ma faʻamaoniga ole hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 101 (6): 2284-2299. PMID: 26943720 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26943720/.

Reid LM, Kamani D, Randolph GW. Faʻatautaia o faʻafitauli parathyroid. I totonu: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngolog: Taʻavale ma le ua. 7th ed. Filatelefia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: mata 123.

Thakker RV.O le parathyroid glands, hypercalcemia ma hypocalcemia. I totonu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Faʻafomaʻi Goldman-Cecil. 26th lomiga. Filatelefia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mata 232

Matou Te Fautuaina Oe

Cuticle aveese 'ona

Cuticle aveese 'ona

O le cuticle remover o e uavai poʻo e kulimi e faʻaaogaina e avee e ai le tele o mea i autafa o fao. O le faʻaʻonaina oona o le cuticle e tupu pe a foloina e e ta i lenei vailaʻau.O lenei tu itu iga e...
Faʻaaoga vailaʻau - amphetamines

Faʻaaoga vailaʻau - amphetamines

Amphetamine o vailaʻau. E mafai ona faʻatulafono pe faʻatulafonoina. E faʻatulafonoina pe a faʻatonuina e le fomaʻi ma faʻaaoga e togafitia ai faʻafitauli tau le oifua maloloina e pei o le lapoʻa, nar...